Predominant Mechanisms in the Treatment of Wastewater Due to Interaction of Benzaldehyde and Iron Slag Byproduct

Abstract

Iron slag is a byproduct generated in huge quantities from recycled remnants of iron and steel factories; therefore, the possibility of using this waste in the removal of benzaldehyde from contaminated water offers an excellent topic in sustainability field. Results reveal that the removal efficiency was equal to 85% for the interaction of slag and water contaminated with benzaldehyde at the best operational conditions of 0.3 g/100 mL, 6, 180 min, and 250 rpm for the sorbent dosage, initial pH, agitation time, and speed, respectively with 300 mg/L initial concentration. The maximum uptake capacity of iron slag was 118.25 mg/g which was calculated by the Langmuir model. Physical sorption may be the major mechanism for the removal of benzaldehyde onto iron slag based on the analysis of isotherm and kinetic sorption data and thermodynamically, the process was spontaneous and endothermic. Finally, the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS) tests for reactive material certified that the dissolution of calcium oxide can enhance the removal of benzaldehyde by the formation of bridge cations.

Development of a grau model for simulating cephalexin residue removal from wastewater by using lemna minor

“…In addition, the results confirmed that the presence of lemna minor would increase the reduction of cephalexin by adopting suitable initial concentrations since lemna minor will provide the required environment for phytoremediation growth within the root zone and other parts of lemna minor (Kouki et al, 2009). Light-harvesting and energy transfer in the plant, the photosystem is responsible for the active core (Baker, 2008;Faisal et al, 2020c). In plants, radical superoxide (O −2 ) is naturally generated during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, especially when plants develop under conditions of environmental stress.…”

New Composite Sorbent for Removal of Sulfate Ions from Simulated and Real Groundwater in the Batch and Continuous Tests

“…Each value of q e in this figure represents the average of three readings; however, the standard deviation for these readings must be calculated and plotted in the same figure as “error bars”. It is clear that the two isotherms are well described by the sorption data, namely the “coefficient of determination, R 2 ” had the highest value and the “sum of squared errors, SSE” had the lowest value [ 54 , 55 ]. The (1/ n ) is smaller than unity; so, there is favorable adsorption for SO 4 2− ions onto the prepared sorbent.…”

Permeable Reactive Barrier of Coated Sand by Iron Oxide for Treatment of Groundwater Contaminated with Cadmium and Copper Ions

“…These sorption measurements are fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models that represented by Eqs. 2 and 3 respectively [1,7,8,16,18]:…”

“…Langmuir and Freundlich's models are fitted with sorption data for the interaction of cadmium and copper ions with CSIO for q e (mg/g) with C e (mg/L) as shown in Figure 3. The fitted constants with statistical measures have been calculated from nonlinear regression -Microsoft Excel (2016) [1,7,8,16,18] as listed in Table 1. This figure in conjugation with a determination coefficient (R 2 ) and the sum of squared errors (SSE) elucidated that the model of Langmuir is more representative of sorption data.…”