Preemptive Circular Defence of Immature Insects: Definition and Occurrences of Cycloalexy Revisited

Dury, Guillaume J.; Bede, Jacqueline C.; Windsor, Donald M.

doi:10.1155/2014/642908

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…While documented in the literature for a half-century (referred to as starclusters, pinwheels or stellate arrangements) their function remains unknown , Manton 1961. These self-assembled formations may be a result of merely gathering around a common feeding site, or they may have another role, such as aiding in physical defense through aggregation (Dury et al 2014, Curley et al 2015 and/or concentrating millipede defensive compounds (Wood et al 2000;). Another possibility is adults facilitate cooperative feeding that may benefit juveniles and hatchlings, who have smaller mouthparts.…”

Section: Millipede Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and function of fungi associated with the fungivorous millipede, Brachycybe lecontii

et al. 2019

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Brachycybe (Wood) is a genus of fungivorous millipedes. To date, the fungal associates of these millipedes have never been characterized. In an attempt to resolve these relationships, culture-based approaches combined with DNA barcode sequencing were used. Sampling of 313 individuals collected from three of four B. lecontii clades and 20 sites across seven states uncovered at least 183 genera in 40 orders from four fungal phyla. At least seven putative new species were recovered in this study, despite the use of more classical culture-based approaches. Three of these fungi were phylogenetically resolved using ITS + LSU and include two new species, aff. Fonsecaea sp., Mortierella aff. ambigua, and a new genus related to Apophysomyces. Overall, the results of this study highlight the vast amount of undescribed fungal biodiversity associated with millipedes. Twelve fungal genera from nine orders showed high connectivity across the entire B. lecontii-associated fungal network, indicating a central role for these fungi in their association with these millipedes. These twelve include the two putative new species described above. The ecology of these and other fungal associates were also explored, using fungal cohort pairings and entomopathogenicity trials. Over 40% of all fungal pairings resulted in competitive interactions, a majority of which involved inhibition or overgrowth by fungi in the Hypocreales and Polyporales, respectively. The abundance of these competitive interactions in these two orders indicate differing ecological strategies. Hypocreales used chemical warfare to competitively exclude other fungi, while Polyporales physically overgrew their competitors. Mucoromycotan fungi used a similar strategy to the Polyporales. Results of a series of entomopathogenicity trials indicated that B. lecontii was less susceptible to entomopathogenic Hypocreales than an insect model (Galleria mellonella), even though these fungi are known to attack several classes of arthropods. Furthermore, the absence of a negative interaction between B. lecontii and entomopathogenic Hypocreales may indicate a beneficial relationship. When challenged with Polyporales, B. lecontii exhibited high mortality, while G. mellonella was unaffected. This stands in sharp contrast to previous casual observations of the feeding behavior of B. lecontii. Recent discoveries of previously overlooked fungal diversity have been groundbreaking and hint at substantial cryptic fungal biodiversity across the globe. The 200-300 million-year-old association between fungi and the Colobognatha, which includes Brachycybe lecontii, provides an ideal system to uncover biodiversity and examine function of these fungi in a highly understudied and ancient association.

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Section: Millipede Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and function of fungi associated with the fungivorous millipede, Brachycybe lecontii

et al. 2019

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“…1 – Y3 ) and P. curticollis (Fig. 1 – H3 ), a defensive behavior of gregarious circular formation at rest ( Jolivet et al 1990 , Vanconcellos-Neto and Jolivet 1994, Dury et al 2014 ). Additionally, we recorded larvae of P. fraterna (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysomelinae species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and new biological data from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Flinte

Abejanella

Daccordi³

et al. 2017

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Chrysomelinae is one of the largest subfamilies in Chrysomelidae, yet much basic information remains unknown for Neotropical species. The present study aims to compile the first regional list of Chrysomelinae for the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and assemble natural history traits obtained from our fieldwork from 2005 to 2010 in Serra dos Órgãos National Park, a mountainous area of Atlantic forest. The species list was compiled from data from field work, collections, and literature, and recorded a total of 100 species, belonging to 21 genera in one tribe (Chrysomelini) and three subtribes: Chrysolinina (91 species), Chrysomelina (eight species) and Entomoscelina (one species). Of these, 91 species are new records for the state. Serra dos Órgaõs National Park holds records of 43 species, with Platyphora being the most species-rich genus, and Solanaceae the most common host plant family. Some new records of reproductive mode (larviparous vs. oviparous) and larval behavior are also given. These Brazil Chrysomelinae species exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, with more species recorded in the hot and rainy season from October to January, and considerably fewer species from June to August, during the drier and colder months. The fraction of new records in comparison with published species and natural history information illustrates how little we know of Chrysomelinae in the state and in the country.

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“…Cycloalexy is observed in both vertebrates and invertebrates (Dury et al . ). Alternatively, the benefit of predator avoidance may be an emergent property of groups, independent of individual behaviour, and thus impart no diagnostic taphonomic signature to the assemblage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Explaining gregarious behaviour in Banffia constricta from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia

Chambers

Brandt

2018

LET

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Banffia constricta is an enigmatic Burgess Shale animal originally described by Charles Walcott in 1911 as an annelid, and more recently as a stem‐group deuterostome. Interpreted, on the basis of anatomy, to have been bottom‐feeders, there are few other data from which to draw interpretations of Banffia's life habit. A slab of Burgess Shale with a dense aggregation of B. constricta may indicate a gregarious habit for the animal, as taphonomic and stratigraphical data indicate an in situ origin for the assemblage. Clustering of individuals, high density of the individuals and non‐random within‐cluster orientation support the hypothesis that detritus‐feeding B. constricta congregated to feed on a local, rich food source. Presumed opportunistic feeding aggregations have been documented in at least one other Burgess Shale taxon and have been described for other fossil benthic marine invertebrates. Extant benthic marine invertebrates such as holothurians and echinoids exhibit mass feeding behaviour and may serve as modern analogs for the behaviour represented by the B. constricta assemblage.

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Preemptive Circular Defence of Immature Insects: Definition and Occurrences of Cycloalexy Revisited

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Diversity and function of fungi associated with the fungivorous millipede, Brachycybe lecontii

Diversity and function of fungi associated with the fungivorous millipede, Brachycybe lecontii

Chrysomelinae species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and new biological data from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Explaining gregarious behaviour in Banffia constricta from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia

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