2013
DOI: 10.1111/risa.12019
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Preeradication Vaccine Policy Options for Poliovirus Infection and Disease Control

Abstract: With the circulation of wild poliovirus (WPV) types 1 and 3 continuing more than a decade after the original goal of eradicating all three types of WPVs by 2000, policymakers consider many immunization options as they strive to stop transmission in the remaining endemic and outbreak areas and prevent reintroductions of live polioviruses into nonendemic areas. While polio vaccination choices may appear simple, our analysis of current options shows remarkable complexity. We offer important context for current an… Show more

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Cited by 57 publications
(80 citation statements)
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References 81 publications
(235 reference statements)
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“…The final stage of polio eradication calls for the administration of bivalent OPV protecting against polio types 1 and 3, with a supplementary dose of IPV to provide immunity to type 2 [7]. It is expected that this delivery schedule will be carried out throughout the polio endgame strategy until total withdrawal of OPV in 2019 [40].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The final stage of polio eradication calls for the administration of bivalent OPV protecting against polio types 1 and 3, with a supplementary dose of IPV to provide immunity to type 2 [7]. It is expected that this delivery schedule will be carried out throughout the polio endgame strategy until total withdrawal of OPV in 2019 [40].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The World Health Assembly in 2012 urged further intensification of the GPEI by declaring “the completion of global poliovirus eradication a programmatic emergency for global public health” ([5], p. 2). During 2012 the GPEI reported the fewest cases and smallest number of countries reporting cases in its history [6]. …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1] Routine immunization (RI) programs vaccinate children according to an age-specific schedule throughout the year, while supplemental immunization activities (SIAs, e.g., national immunization days and outbreak response campaigns) typically target a wide age range of children (e.g., 0–4 year olds) regardless of vaccination status during a limited period of time, often linked to epidemiologic assessment of risk for poliovirus transmission. [2, 3] The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) relies heavily on SIAs with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to rapidly increase population immunity, interrupt chains of transmission, and immunize children missed by RI.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[7] However, challenges remain to interrupt the last chains of WPV transmission in difficult-to-reach areas in these countries despite very frequent SIAs, and many outbreaks due to exported WPVs occurred in previously polio-free countries in the last decade. [8] Relatively lower seroconversion of OPV in some areas [1, 9] contributes to the need for more SIAs. However, SIAs may also repeatedly vaccinate the same accessible children while missing unvaccinated children in some communities.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%