Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans

Ng, Kevin W.; Faulkner, Nikhil; Cornish, Georgina H.; Rosa, Annachiara; Harvey, Ruth; Hussain, Saira; Ulferts, Rachel; Earl, Christopher; Wrobel, Antoni G.; Benton, D.J.; Roustan, Chloë; Bolland, William; Thompson, R. Houston; Água-Doce, Ana; Hobson, Philip; Heaney, Judith; Rickman, Hannah; Paraskevopoulou, Stavroula; Houlihan, Catherine; Thomson, Kirsty; Sanchez, Emilie; Shin, Gee Yen; Spyer, Moira; Joshi, Dhira; O’Reilly, Nicola; Walker, P.A.; Kjær, Svend; Riddell, Andrew; Moore, D. J.; Jebson, Bethany R.; Wilkinson, Meredyth G Ll; Marshall, Lucy R.; Rosser, Elizabeth C.; Radziszewska, Anna; Peckham, Hannah; Ciurtin, Coziana; Wedderburn, Lucy R.; Beale, Rupert; Swanton, Charles; Gandhi, Sonia; Stockinger, Brigitta; McCauley, John W.; Gamblin, S.J.; McCoy, Laura E; Cherepanov, Peter; Nastouli, Eleni; Kassiotis, George

doi:10.1126/science.abe1107

Cited by 823 publications

(1,096 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…2 and Supplementary Tables 1-3). Overall seroconversion rates of 88% were similar to the general population [4,6,7] and higher than that reported by Table 1 Demographics, patient and disease characteristics, treatment and outcomes in patients with acute leukemia and COVID-19. This patient subsequently tested positive one day after initial negative (for four days) again 21 days after second negative test (for eight days) ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: To the Editorsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Serum samples were taken a median of 9.5 days after positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 (range 1-25 days) and subsequent longitudinal serum samples taken between 2 and 103 days post onset of symptoms (POS). These were screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using ELISA to the external Spike glycoprotein (S1 subunit) and internal Nucleoprotein (N) [4][5][6]. Total serum IgG was within in the normal range in each case, excluding hypogammaglobinaemia.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the patterns of antibody responses seen were as expected during an acute infection, namely; increasing titre . Antigen production and assay conditions were as previously described [4][5][6] except that all samples were treated with 0.5% NP40 before dilution in ELISA buffer. Absorbance was measured at 405 nm and data expressed as fold-change above blank background.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in patients with acute leukaemia

et al. 2020

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Section: To the Editorsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in patients with acute leukaemia

et al. 2020

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“…Age has been shown to be the biggest risk factor for more severe disease and death due to (17). In Supplemental Figure 3 A, we demonstrate that S2-IgG antibodies are present in patients as early as the day of symptom onset, suggesting that these antibodies may be boosted from a previous coronavirus infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Correlate with Days from Symptom Onset, Viral Load and IL-10

Young

Kornmeier²,

Carpenter

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic of the respiratory disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Antibody testing is essential to identify persons exposed to the virus and potentially in predicting disease immunity. 183 COVID-19 patients (68 of whom required mechanical ventilation) and 41 controls were tested for plasma IgG, IgA and IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 S1, S2, receptor binding domain (RBD) and N proteins using the MILLIPLEX® SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Panel. Plasma cytokines were concurrently measured using the MILLIPLEX® MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine/Growth Factor Panel A. As expected the 183 COVID-19 positive patients had high levels of IgG, IgA and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against each of the viral proteins. Sensitivity of anti-S1 IgG increased from 60% to 93% one week after symptom onset. S1-IgG and S1-IgA had specificities of 98% compared to the 41 COVID-19 negative patients. The 68 ventilated COVID-19 positive patients had higher antibody levels than the 115 COVID-19 positive patients who were not ventilated. IgG antibody levels against S1 protein had the strongest positive correlation to days from symptom onset. There were no statistically significant differences in IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against S1 based on age. We found that patients with the highest levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies had the lowest viral load in the nasopharynx. Finally there was a correlation of high plasma IL-10 with low anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, as measured by a novel antigen panel, increased within days after symptom onset, achieving > 90% sensitivity and specificity within one week, and were highest in patients who required mechanical ventilation. Antibody levels were inversely associated with viral load but did not differ as a function of age. The correlation of high IL-10 with low antibody response suggests a potentially suppressive role of this cytokine in the humoral immune response in COVID-19.

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“…Of note, Ng et al (Science, 2020) have identified several epitopes that were recognized with cross-reactive antibodies by uninfected patients proving the presence of preexisting antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 [28]. These results considering also the finding of preexisting T cell memory against seasonal HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 (21) may shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 natural infection having in mind that this protective cross immunity does not last for long time and probably is not sterilizing as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 Share Recognized Epitopes by the Humoral Response in Sera of People Collected Pre- and during CoV-2 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause serious illness in older adults and people with chronic underlying medical conditions; however, children and young people are often asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. We evaluated the presence of specific antibodies (Abs) response against Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) S protein epitopes (NL63-RBM1, NL63-RBM2_1, NL63-RBM2_2, NL63-RBM3, NL63-SPIKE541–554, and NL63-DISC-like) and SARS-CoV-2 epitopes (COV2-SPIKE421–434 and COV2-SPIKE742–759) in plasma samples of pre-pandemic, mid-pandemic, and COVID-19 cohorts by indirect ELISA. Moreover, a competitive assay was performed to check for cross reactivity response between COV2-SPIKE421–434 and NL63-RBM3 among patients with a definitive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Immune reaction against all SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 epitopes showed a significantly higher response in pre-pandemic patients compared to mid-pandemic patients. The results indicate that probably antibodies against HCoV-NL63 may be able to cross react with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and the higher incidence in pre-pandemic was probably due to the timing of collection when a high incidence of HCoV-NL63 is reported. In addition, the competitive assay showed cross-reactivity between antibodies directed against COV2-SPIKE421–434 and NL63-RBM3 peptides. Pre-existing HCoV-NL63 antibody response cross reacting with SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in both pre- and mid-pandemic individual, suggesting that previous exposure to HCoV-NL63 epitopes may produce antibodies which could confer a protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and probably reduce the severity of the disease.

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Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans

Cited by 823 publications

References 45 publications

SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in patients with acute leukaemia

SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in patients with acute leukaemia

IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Correlate with Days from Symptom Onset, Viral Load and IL-10

HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 Share Recognized Epitopes by the Humoral Response in Sera of People Collected Pre- and during CoV-2 Pandemic

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