Preface to Topical Issue: Recalibration of the Sunspot Number

Clette, F.; Cliver, E. W.; Lefèvre, Laure; Svalgaard, Leif; Vaquero, J. M.; Leibacher, J. W.

doi:10.1007/s11207-016-1017-8

Cited by 71 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…SSN provides a much longer record for establishing trends than does the solar magnetic record. The modern sunspot record as recently updated (Clette et al, ; Clette, Cliver, et al, ; Clette, Lefèvre, et al, ; Clette & Lefèvre, ) has an advantage over other observations available for a shorter period for both establishing the regularity (and period) of the solar clock, and toward interpreting what the phases, the rates of rise and fall, and the sizes of the maxima tell us about the solar dynamo and the transport of magnetic flux to and from the surface of the Sun.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Solar Clock

Russell

Jian

Luhmann

2019

Reviews of Geophysics

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The Sun is powered by a very stable source of fusion energy in its core that radiates that energy outward in a constant flow. Yet it has a cycle of magnetic dynamo activity whose strength and duration are variable. This variability, which affects the Earth's “space climate,” points to temporal changes in the convective and diffusive transport of magnetic flux above the tachocline, where the flux is generated. The longest record we have of this variability is the time series of sunspot numbers. This record suggests that the interior of the Sun follows a clock‐like magnetic flux production cycle with a length of close to 11.05 years. The variations in sunspot cycle duration, as well as the sunspot number rise and fall times, their hemispheric asymmetries, and the maximum sunspot numbers of the individual cycles are likely produced in the process of the magnetic flux transport. Helioseismology continues to shed more light on the convection zone variabilities, including the “torsional oscillations” that seem to have a special connection to the emerging strong magnetic fluxes that produce the sunspots. These new observations may eventually lead to an explanation for the surprisingly good correlation between the rate of sunspot appearance and the maximum sunspot number and to a better understanding of the relationship between the solar dynamo and the sunspot number cycle. Better understanding of the polar regions awaits long‐term monitoring with a polar solar mission. Better predictions of near‐term space weather could be obtained from a permanent L5 monitor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Solar Clock

Russell

Jian

Luhmann

2019

Reviews of Geophysics

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“…4 mostra dados de médias anuais de manchas solares disponíveis no website SILSO (Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations, http://www.sidc. be/silso/datafiles) [44,45]. O gráfico (linha preta contínua) mostra dados de manchas solares de 1800 até 2018.…”

Section: Atividade Solar E Clima Espacialunclassified

Uma andorinha só não faz verão: 160 anos do legado de Richard Carrington

Oliveira

2020

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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No dia 1 o de setembro de 1859, o astrônomo britânico Richard Carrington observou um comportamento anômalo no Sol. Aproximadamente 17 horas depois, efeitos magnéticos de escalas globais foram observados na Terra: auroras boreais e austrais em regiões de baixas latitudes, e falhas em equipamentos telegráficos na Europa e América do Norte. Hoje, 160 anos depois, sabemos que essa conexão solar-terrestre controla a atividade magnética no espaço próximo da Terra e sua superfície, e seus efeitos são objetos de uma disciplina denominada clima espacial. O objetivo principal deste modesto trabalhoé apresentar brevemente ao leitor as observações de Carrington e as descobertas que levaramà conexão entre fenômenos magnéticos solares e terrestres. Também são brevemente discutidas as implicações desta descoberta ao clima espacial comênfase na importância da proteção de aparelhos tecnológicos presentes no geoespaço e no solo, além de uma breve discussão do futuro da disciplina nas próximas décadas.Palavras-chave: Evento de Carrington, Interações Sol-Terra, Clima espacial.On 1 September 1859, the British astronomer Richard Carrington observed an anomalous behavior on the Sun. Approximately 17 hours later, magnetic effects of global scales were observed at Earth: aurora borealis and australis in low-latitude regions, and telegraphic equipment failures in Europe and North America. Nowadays, 160 years later, we know that solar-terrestrial connections control the magnetic activity in the geospace and on the ground, and their effects are subject of a discipline named space weather. The main goal of this modest work is to briefly present to the reader Carrington's observations and the discoveries that led to the connection between solar and terrestrial magnetic phenomena. Implications of this discovery to space weather with emphasis on the protection of technological systems in the geospace and on the ground, and a brief discussion on the future of the discipline, are briefly presented as well.

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“…The rules should describe how and when these inputs are updated, the calibration and assumptions that have gone into them, and how this information should be disseminated in the user community. The approach and lessons learned during the recent recalibration of the solar sunspot number (Clette et al, , and references therein) may be a useful guide. Maintain EUV irradiance monitoring and ensure sufficient overlap between successive missions to allow for cross calibration (e.g., between SDO/EVE and GOES‐R/EXIS). Future measurements should be consistent with the requirements in section 2.1 (follow GOES‐R/EXIS, in other words), if a spectrometer is considered.…”

Section: Path Forward For Euv Irradiance Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EUV Irradiance Inputs to Thermospheric Density Models: Open Issues and Path Forward

Vourlidas

Bruinsma²

2018

Space Weather

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One of the objectives of the NASA Living With a Star Institute on “Nowcasting of Atmospheric Drag for low Earth orbit (LEO) Spacecraft” was to investigate whether and how to increase the accuracy of atmospheric drag models by improving the quality of the solar forcing inputs, namely, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance information. In this focused review, we examine the status of and issues with EUV measurements and proxies, discuss recent promising developments, and suggest a number of ways to improve the reliability, availability, and forecast accuracy of EUV measurements in the next solar cycle.

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Preface to Topical Issue: Recalibration of the Sunspot Number

Cited by 71 publications

References 44 publications

The Solar Clock

The Solar Clock

Uma andorinha só não faz verão: 160 anos do legado de Richard Carrington

EUV Irradiance Inputs to Thermospheric Density Models: Open Issues and Path Forward

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