Preface

Markham, Albert Hastings

doi:10.1017/cbo9781107476714.001

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Such antimetabolites would interfere with the synthesis or utilization of small-molecular precur-sors of nucleic acid or protein (11,12). If incorporated, a structural analog of a metabolite might cause lethal synthesis-that is, the production of inactive viral progeny (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Inhibition of Replication of Animal Viruses

Tamm¹,

Eggers²

1963

Science

113

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The process of virus reproduction is so closely bound up with the metabolism of the virus-infected cell that its study has been hindered by inability to distinguish experimentally between the two. The main difficulty has been the lack of specific chemical markers which would make possible the study of the synthesis of virus nucleic acids and proteins without measuring or affecting host-cell synthesis. In the exceptional instance of T2, T4, and T6 bacteriophages, which contain an unusual nucleotide, a very beautiful and comprehensive picture has been obtained of the biochemical and enzymatic changes in the virus-infected cells (1).In the last few years, however, chemical compounds have been found which can distinguish between virusinduced and cellular processes and thus the knowledge of virus-specific events in the reproduction of animal viruses has begun to advance more rapidly. The mechanisms of action of these virus-specific inhibitors bear directly on questions concerning virusspecific features of the structure, synthesis, and functions of virus nucleic acids and proteins.Virus reproduction can occur only inside a living cell, since the virus is dependent on the cell both for energy and for the building blocks that make up its substance. Various subcellular structures serve specialized functions in the mechanism of virus reproduction. The virus particle consists of a protein shell (the capsid) and a core of nucleic acid (2). The nucleic acid may be either DNA or RNA; no virus has SCIENCE, VOL. 142

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Inhibition of Replication of Animal Viruses

Tamm¹,

Eggers²

1963

Science

113

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“…Working on the ribonuclease digestion of RNA (Markham & Smith, 1951b), we found that our digests contained a third type of nucleotide which belongs neither to the 'a' or 'b' series, nor to the group of nucleoside 5'-phosphates, but which could be converted to the former type by further treatment with ribonuclease. By a fortunate coincidence at about this time we had a discussion with Prof. A. R. Todd and several of his colleagues, and they were kind enough to describe their theory of the origin of the 'a' and 'b' nucleotides of Carter and Cohn to us (Brown & Todd, 1952b).…”

Section: Cyclic Nucleotidesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Location of the nucleotides. The nucleotides are located on the chromatogram and electrophoresis strips by ultraviolet photography (Markham & Smith, 1949, 1951. When Whatman no.…”

Section: Chromatographic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of ribonucleic acids. 1. Cyclic nucleotides produced by ribonuclease and by alkaline hydrolysis

Markham

Smith

1952

Biochemical Journal

750

123

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If, however, a similar compound is obtained from a reaction mixture containing the C2OH260 compound its properties suggest C25H340, i.e. it derives from the C2oH260 compound. SUMMARY 1. Oppenauer oxidation of vitamin A using diethyl ketone as hydrogen acceptor results in a complex mixture from which a compound C2OH260 (isomeric with retinene2) can be isolated. It gives an oxime, m.p. 175177o, isolated by previous workers. 2. The C20H260 compound, is reducible in vitro and in vivo, but the product differs from vitamin A2. 3. The Oppenauer oxidation seems to proceed via retinenel, C20H280, which can either be further dehydrogenated to C20H,60 or can condense with diethyl ketone, to a ketone C25H360. Condensation of the C20H260 compound with diethyl ketone to yield C2,H..O is not excluded. 4. Vitamin A acetate is not dehydrogenated directly to vitamin A2. We wish to thank the Medical Research Council for financial support.

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“…Antimetabolite activity of mercaptopurine thus appears to depend upon the "lethal synthesis" (173,188) of the ribotide. In recent studies with S3.…”

Section: Anticancer Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%