Preference for flavoured foods by lambs conditioned with intraruminal administration of nitrogen

Villalba, Juan J.; Provenza, Frederick D.

doi:10.1079/bjn19970174

Cited by 94 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Animals forced to eat a ration of 30% sagebrush show marked depression in in vivo dry matter digestibility (Ngugi et al 1995). Reduced microbial activity decreases digestibility of macronutrients and byproducts of fermentation (i.e., volatile fatty acids), all of which affect food preferences of sheep (Villalba and Provenza 1996, 1997a, 1997b, 1997c.…”

Section: Nutritional Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Sagebrush ingestion by lambs: Effects of experience and macronutrients

Burritt¹,

Banner²,

Provenza³

2000

REM

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We investigated how experience early in life and macronutrient content of the diet influenced intake of mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. v a s e y a n a (Rydb.) Beetle) by sheep. In the first part of our study, 2-month-old lambs were exposed as a group for 2 mo to a 70% barley-30% soybean meal ration (300 g/hd/day) that contained increasing amounts sagebrush (1 to 20%). Control lambs received grain without sagebrush. All lambs had access to alfalfa hay and pellets ad libitum. When lambs were tested at 6 months of age, prior exposure had no effect on sagebrush consumption after the first 4 days of the trial. When sagebrush comprised 20% of an alfalfa/barley ration, lambs ate the sagebrush ration readily even when a nutritious alternative was offered indicating the flavor of sagebrush did not prevent lambs from feeding. Increasing the amount of sagebrush in the ration from 50% to 75% resulted in lambs eating less of the barley/sagebrush ration, but daily intake of sagebrush remained constant throughout the 4 day trial, presumably because toxins (terpenes) limited intake of sagebrush. In the second part of our study, lambs experienced with sagebrush were fed 250 g/hd/day of barley, and nutritional status was varied by offering alfalfa pellets at 33% or 80% of ad libitum (1.2 and 2.7 times maintenance, respectively) to determine if dietary energy levels affected intake of sagebrush. Each day lambs received a 50/50 sagebrush/barley supplement ad libitum for 1 hour. Lambs fed at 33% of ad libitum consumed more of the sagebrush/barley supplement than lambs fed at 80% of ad libitum. Thus, additional energy did not enable lambs to consume more sagebrush. In the last trial, lambs in both treatments were fed a basal ration of alfalfa pellets at 50% of ad libitum. Each morning for 1 hour, lambs were offered macronutrient supplements containing either 50% barley/50% sagebrush (high energy) or 25% barley/25% soybean meal/50% sagebrush (high energy and protein). Lambs consumed the same amount of sagebrush regardless of supplement. Thus, supplemental protein did not improve sagebrush consumption. We conclude lambs readily ingested a high-energy ration containing sagebrush, regardless of exposure early in life, suggesting toxins, not flavor, control intake of sagebrush. Further, supplementing lambs with energy or protein failed to improve intake of sagebrush, which suggests these macronutrients did not enhance detoxification of sagebrush. We are grateful to J. Provenza and J. Villalba for assisting with clipping sagebrush and conducting feeding trials. This research was supported by grants from the Utah Agric. Exp. Sta. This paper is published with the approval of the Director, Utah Agric. Sta., Utah State University, Logan, Utah as Journal Paper 6052.Accepted 24 April 1998. ResumenInvestigamos como la experiencia adquirida a temprana edad y el contenido de micronutrientes de la dieta influye en le consumo de "Mountain big sagebrush" (Artemisa tridentata Nutt. v a y e s a n a (Rydb.) Beetle) por ov...

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Section: Nutritional Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Sagebrush ingestion by lambs: Effects of experience and macronutrients

Burritt¹,

Banner²,

Provenza³

2000

REM

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“…Although the alkaloid concentration in the potted plants was probably similar to that in the plants in the field grazing study (because they were of similar phenological growth stages), the lack of alternative choices in the pen forced consumption of duncecap larkspur and conditioned an acceptance for it. Other studies have conditioned preferences for unpalatable feeds using energy sources such as glucose (Burritt and Provenza 1992;Ralphs et al 1995), propionate (Villalba and Provenza 1996;1997a), starch (Villalba and Provenza 1997b;Ralphs and Wiedmeier 2004), and supplemental nitrogen (Villalba and Provenza 1997c). In a previous study, Ralphs et al (1995) reported that the glucose treatment increased rumen microbial mass, which increased volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foods that replenish specific nutrients are preferred, whereas those that cause nausea or illness are avoided. Thus, animals can acquire preferences for less palatable foods that are paired with nutrients, such as glucose (Burritt and Provenza 1992;Ralphs et al 1995), propionate (Villalba and Provenza 1996;Villalba and Provenza 1997a), starch (Villalba and Provenza 1997b), and nitrogen (Villalba and Provenza 1997c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioning Sheep to Graze Duncecap Larkspur (Delphinium occidentale)

Ralphs¹

2005

REM

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Sheep are more resistant than cattle to larkspur poisoning and thus may be used as a biological tool to graze larkspur to reduce cattle poisoning. Sheep readily graze larkspur in its mature stages, but if they are to be an effective management tool, they must graze it in the early growth stages before cattle enter the allotment. The objective of this study was to determine if sheep could be positively conditioned to graze duncecap larkspur (Delphinium occidentale (S.Wats) S. Wats) early in its growth stages. Eighteen ewes were divided into 3 groups of 6 ewes each. During conditioning, group 1 was offered potted larkspur plants then were gavaged with glucose, the second group was exposed to larkspur plants together as a group (social facilitation), and the third group was an untreated control. In the preference test, the glucose group ate more duncecap larkspur than the social facilitation and control groups. The glucose and control groups were taken to duncecap larkspur-infested mountain rangeland to test the conditioning. In the field grazing trial, the glucose group consumed more larkspur than the control group, but it occurred later in the grazing trial when larkspur was in flower and after desirable forages had been consumed. High levels of diterpenoid alkaloids in larkspur and other alternative palatable forages may have caused ewes to reject larkspur at the beginning of the trial. The sheep were positively conditioned to graze larkspur, but the amount consumed and the timing of consumption was not sufficient to prevent potential cattle poisoning. ResumenLos ovinos son más resistentes que los bovinos a la intoxicació n por ''Larkspur'', por lo que pueden ser usados como una herramienta bioló gica para apacentar el ''Larkspur'' y reducir la intoxicació n del ganando bovino. Los ovinos son capaces de apacentar ''Larkspur'' en sus etapas maduras, pero si ellas van a ser una herramienta efectiva de manejo, ellos deben apacentar el ''Larkspur'' en las etapas iniciales de crecimiento, antes de que el ganado bovino entre al potero. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si los ovinos pudieran ser acondicionados positivamente para apacentar el ''Duncecap larkspur'' (Delphinium occidentale (S.Wats) S. Wats) en las etapas iniciales de crecimiento. Un grupo de 18 borregas se dividió en tres grupos de seis animales cada uno. Durante el acondicionamiento, al grupo 1 se le ofreció plantas de ''Larkspur'' en recipientes las cuales fueron adicionadas con glucosa, en el segundo grupo todos los animales fueron expuestos juntos a plantas de ''Larkspur'' (Facilitació n social) y el tercer grupo fue el control sin tratamiento. En la prueba de preferencia, el grupo con glucosa comió má s ''Duncecap larkspur'' que los grupos de facilitació n social y testigo. Los grupos de glucosa y testigo se llevaron a un pastizal montano infestado con ''Duncecap larkspur'' para evaluar el acondicionamiento. En la prueba de apacentamiento en campo. El grupo con glucosa consumió má s ''Larkspur'' que el grupo control, pero esto ocurr...

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“…Many experiments have since been reported in which food sensory characteristics (artificially added flavours) have been variously associated with post-ingestive consequences (intra-ruminally added substances), rich in either energy (Burritt and Provenza, 1992;Villalba and Provenza, 1996, 1997aand 1997b or protein (Villalba and Provenza, 1997c). These studies have shown that animals are able to perceive post-ingestive signals and their intensities (Arsenos and Kyriazakis, 1999), and modify their diet selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet learning through post-ingestive consequences in sheep: the case of starch and casein variously combined in the same foods

Ginane

Baumont

Duncan³

2009

Animal

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Ruminants generally succeed in selecting an appropriate diet relative to their nutrient requirements, and macronutrients such as energy and protein are considered as playing a primary role in their food preferences. Diet learning through post-ingestive consequences, evidenced by many studies that involved situations with simple discrimination tasks, may explain this ability to select a suitable diet. However, in more complex feeding environments where animals are faced with many plants varying both in their energy and protein contents, the extent to which such a mechanism operates is still uncertain. Our objective was to investigate a more complex feeding situation than previously tested and to determine whether lambs were able to associate three forages with both energy-based and protein-based post-ingestive consequences of various intensities. The doses of starch and casein used to elicit these post-ingestive consequences were chosen so that the apparent metabolisable energy and crude protein values of hays were within the range found in plants normally encountered under field conditions. We applied five treatments: EmPm, EhPm, EmPh, EhPh, where medium (m) or high (h) levels of nutrients (E 5 energy and P 5 protein) were associated with different hays, and E0N0 where no stimuli were associated. Each animal experienced only three treatments: E0N0-EmPm-EhPm or E0N0-EmPh-EhPh, each one being associated with one hay during conditioning, on the basis of one treatment per day over three consecutive days. Animals then had a choice between the hay associated with E0N0 and one of the two others, successively on the two following days. This procedure was repeated through five 1-week-long periods, and applied to two groups of lambs (n 5 12) maintained at feeding levels sufficient for maintenance or for a 150 g/day growth rate. This experiment was complemented by a methodological trial that aimed to estimate the doses of starch and casein eliciting preferences and a post-trial that aimed to evaluate the effect of our treatments on sheep ruminal environment. The methodological trial showed that lambs perceived the stimuli and the doses, and the post-trial showed that treatments affected the ruminal environment. In the main experiment, the lambs preferred the rewarded hays but did not discriminate in their choices the variation of post-ingestive consequences due to energy and protein. This suggests that in situations closer to reality where animals experience many foods varying in nutrient contents, the learning process may be impaired. The lambs do not seem to have strictly relied on it for shaping their diet choices.

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Preference for flavoured foods by lambs conditioned with intraruminal administration of nitrogen

Cited by 94 publications

References 61 publications

Sagebrush ingestion by lambs: Effects of experience and macronutrients

Sagebrush ingestion by lambs: Effects of experience and macronutrients

Conditioning Sheep to Graze Duncecap Larkspur (Delphinium occidentale)

Diet learning through post-ingestive consequences in sheep: the case of starch and casein variously combined in the same foods

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