Preference ranking test for different icon design formats for smart living room and bathroom functions

Chi, Chia-Fen; Dewi, Ratna Sari; Samali, Priska; Hsieh, Dong-Yu

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102891

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the current study, it is noticeable that if image-related icons are incorporated with textual labels, making it a combined format, the icon users favor them. Furthermore, despite the guideline given by the International Standards Organization [ 29 ] that the use of abstract symbols should be avoided, results of this study demonstrated that semi-abstract icons, which are combined image-related (concrete representation of an action or object) icons and concept-related or arbitrary icons (abstract representation of an action or object) [ 8 ], are still the most preferred on three function names—a result that is similar to that of Chi et al [ 5 ]. On the functions “avoid touching face” and “avoid travelling to places with known cases”, the red circle around the icons and the cross marks might have helped in relating them to their correct function names.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Concept-related and arbitrary icon design formats had consistently low ranking scores. This is understandable considering that concept-related icons outline concepts that are close but are still not the exact concrete image of the action or object, and arbitrary icons have no clear reference to their intended meaning and can only be meaningful and understood through education [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. As a result, compared to the formats that obtained good ranking scores, the icons designed in these two formats do not have obvious mappings to their referent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chi and Dewi [ 4 ] classified icons under seven format categories, namely, image-related, concept-related, semi-abstract, word, abbreviation, and combined. Image-related icons are the typical representations of the object or action, concept-related icons represent concepts that are close to but not exactly the concrete image of the action or object, and arbitrary icons have no obvious reference to their intended meaning and can only be meaningful and understood through education [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Semi-abstract icons, on the other hand, are combined image-related (concrete representation of an action or object) icons and concept-related or arbitrary icons (an abstract representation of an action or object) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evaluation of Preference and Perceived Quality of Health Communication Icons Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Measures

et al. 2021

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Icons have been widely utilized to describe and promote COVID-19 prevention measures. The purpose of this study was to analyze the preference and subjective design features of 133 existing icons associated with COVID-19 prevention measures published by the health and medical organizations of different countries. The 133 icons represent nineteen different function names, such as “Wash Hands” and “Wear Face Mask”. A total of 57 participants were recruited to perform two different tests: ranking test and subjective rating test. The ranking test was conducted to elicit the preference ranking of seven icon designs representing each function name. It was followed by a subjective rating test using 13 semantic scales on the two most preferred icons to analyze their perceived quality. Spearmen correlation was applied to derive the possible correlations between users’ rankings and the semantic scales, and Friedman’s test was also performed to determine the true difference between ranking in terms of each semantic scale to provide a fully meaningful interpretation of the data. Generally, findings from the current study showed that the image presented in the icon is the key point that affects the icons’ perceived quality. Interestingly, Spearman’s correlation analysis between preference ranking and semantic scales showed that vague–clear, weak–strong, incompatible–compatible, and ineffective–effective were the four strongest semantic scales that highly correlated with the preference ranking. Considering the significant relationships between the semantic distances and the functions, images depicted in an icon should be realistic and as close as possible to its respected function to cater to users’ preferences. In addition, the results of Spearman’s correlation and Friedman’s test also inferred that compatibility and clarity of icon elements are the main factors determining a particular icon’s preferability. This study is the first comprehensive study to evaluate the icons associated with the COVID-19 prevention measures. The findings of this study can be utilized as the basis for redesigning icons, particularly for icons related to COVID-19 prevention measures. Furthermore, the approach can also be applied and extended for evaluating other medical icons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evaluation of Preference and Perceived Quality of Health Communication Icons Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Measures

et al. 2021

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“…However, in the case of the 'H model house', an abbreviation is used in the menu name of the energy management function, making it difficult for the user to understand the function intuitively. According to the study of Chi et al [56], there is no systematic relationship between words and their abbreviations, which makes the intuitive understanding of function difficult, so users have less preference for abbreviated menu names. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid using abbreviations in menu names.…”

Section: Cognitive Affordancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Affordance Factors for User-Centered Smart Homes: A Case Study Approach

Cho

Choi

2020

Sustainability

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Smart homes improve quality of life by providing various services based on information and communication technologies. However, smart home systems are complicated and user interfaces for the interaction between smart home and user are often not user-friendly, causing potential difficulties and inconvenience for the user. Therefore, in order for smart homes to become user-centered, usability needs to be improved. This study aims to present guidelines for improving the usability of smart homes based on the concept of affordance, which is highly meaningful in user-centered design. To do this, firstly, the affordance factors that could be applied to improve the usability of active devices and user interfaces in smart homes were extracted, secondly, a case study was conducted to analyze the application of affordance factors, focusing on active devices (e.g., control devices and smart appliances) and user interfaces that directly interact with users in smart homes. Lastly, guidelines on the application of affordance factors were presented by combining case analysis results with relevant guidelines. Active devices and user interfaces should provide users with appropriate cognitive, physical, functional, and sensory affordances so that users can use the smart home services easily and conveniently.

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“…For preference ranking analysis, the sum of the rank for each sample was calculated, and that of the two blank groups was averaged. The ranking data was analyzed by Friedman test at a significance level of α = 0.01 to evaluate significant differences among all samples [32]. The test statistic F is calculated in Equation ( 1) where R i is the sum of ranks for sample i; n and K are the number of valid assessors and samples, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability of Vegetable Fortified Ugali in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2021

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Corn flour-based porridge like dough, ugali, is the staple food of low-income population in sub-Saharan Africa. Lack of vitamin A, carotenoids, and dietary fibers brings about serious health issues to this population. In this study, vegetables including bok choy, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, Chinese onion stalk (C_onion), mushroom, are added during the cooking of ugali, as nutritional supplements. The freeze-dried powder of each vegetable was used for its long storage, stable nutrients, and similar particle size. Sub-Saharan African assessors were trained and sensory evaluated the six different vegetable fortified ugali with the plain, unfortified as the control on five attributes. The plain ugali was indistinguishable with the C_onion stalk fortified in color, with the carrot and C_onion stalk fortified in odor, with all vegetables (except broccoli and mushroom) fortified ugali in taste, with carrot and C_onion stalk fortified in granularity, and with cabbage, carrot, C_onion stalk fortified in viscosity. Preference ranking analysis showed that the C_onion stalk fortified ugali is even more favorably preferred than the plain, unfortified ugali, probably due to the umami components in C_onion that serve as the taste enhancer. This study indicates that Chinese onion stalk is a potential vegetable supplement to population in the sub-Saharan Africa.

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Preference ranking test for different icon design formats for smart living room and bathroom functions

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

The Evaluation of Preference and Perceived Quality of Health Communication Icons Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Measures

The Evaluation of Preference and Perceived Quality of Health Communication Icons Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Measures

Application of Affordance Factors for User-Centered Smart Homes: A Case Study Approach

Acceptability of Vegetable Fortified Ugali in Sub-Saharan Africa

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