Preferential Choice to Exert Cognitive Effort in Children with ADHD: a Diffusion Modelling Account

Xu, Yiting; Huang-Pollock, Cynthia L.

doi:10.1007/s10802-023-01080-x

Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01080-x

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Preferential Choice to Exert Cognitive Effort in Children with ADHD: a Diffusion Modelling Account

Yiting Xu

Cynthia L. Huang-Pollock

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

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Exaggerated frontoparietal control over cognitive effort-based decision-making in young women with anorexia nervosa

King,

Bernardoni,

Westbrook

et al. 2024

Mol Psychiatry

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Effortful tasks are generally experienced as costly, but the value of work varies greatly across individuals and populations. While most mental health conditions are characterized by amotivation and effort avoidance, individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) persistently engage in effortful behaviors that most people find unrewarding (food restriction, excessive exercise). Current models of AN differentially attribute such extreme weight-control behavior to altered reward responding and exaggerated cognitive control. In a novel test of these theoretical accounts, we employed an established cognitive effort discounting paradigm in combination with fMRI in young acutely underweight female patients with AN (n = 48) and age-matched healthy controls (HC; n = 48). Contrary to the hypothesis that individuals with AN would experience cognitive effort (operationalized as N-back task performance) as less costly than HC participants, groups did not differ in the subjective value (SV) of discounted rewards or in SV-related activation of brain regions involved in reward valuation. Rather, all group differences in both behavior (superior N-back performance in AN and associated effort ratings) and fMRI activation (increased SV-related frontoparietal activation during decision-making in AN even for easier choices) were more indicative of increased control. These findings suggest that while effort discounting may be relatively intact in AN, effort investment is high both when performing demanding tasks and during effort-based decision-making; highlighting cognitive overcontrol as an important therapeutic target. Future research should establish whether exaggerated control during effort-based decision-making persists after weight-recovery and explore learning the value of effort in AN with tasks involving disorder-relevant effort demands and rewards.

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Exaggerated frontoparietal control over cognitive effort-based decision-making in young women with anorexia nervosa

King,

Bernardoni,

Westbrook

et al. 2024

Mol Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

EFL Special Education Teachers’ Perspectives: Evaluating Game-Based Learning for ADHD Behavioral Disorders

Mohamed,

Shaaban,

Jmaiel

2024

J Atten Disord

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of English as a Foreign Language Special Education teachers (EFLSE) regarding game-based learning approaches for addressing behavioral disorders in ADHD patients. Method: The study involved a sample ( n = 131) of EFLSE teachers who completed a questionnaire to determine how feasible, acceptable, and helpful they found game-based learning. Results: The study revealed that EFLSE teachers perceive game-based learning to be a feasible and acceptable method for engaging ADHD students and helping to maintain their attention during game-based learning activities. Nevertheless, implementation and individualized approaches are cited as challenges. Additionally, EFLSE teachers emphasized the benefits of game-based learning, including improved problem-solving, assessment methods, collaboration, and the acquisition of academic skills. Conclusions: The study contributes insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers that can support the development of evidence-based interventions offering game-based learning for students with ADHD.

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Preferential Choice to Exert Cognitive Effort in Children with ADHD: a Diffusion Modelling Account

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Exaggerated frontoparietal control over cognitive effort-based decision-making in young women with anorexia nervosa

Exaggerated frontoparietal control over cognitive effort-based decision-making in young women with anorexia nervosa

EFL Special Education Teachers’ Perspectives: Evaluating Game-Based Learning for ADHD Behavioral Disorders

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