Preferential sputtering induced Cr-Diffusion during plasma exposure of WCrY smart alloys

Schmitz, J.; Mutzke, A.; Litnovsky, A.; Klein, F.; Tan, Xiao–Yue; Wegener, T.; Hansen, P.; Aghdassi, Nabi; Eksaeva, A.; Rasiński, M.; Kreter, A.; González‐Julián, Jesús; Coenen, J. W.; Linsmeier, Ch.; Bram, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151767

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ion implantation can either be completely disregarded (corresponding to an immediate outgassing of projectile ions), allowed up to a user‐defined maximum concentration or simulated more realistically with several diffusion effects. Finding suitable values for input parameters such as surface binding energies and diffusion coefficients requires, however, careful comparison with experimental data (Schmitz et al., 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Insights Into Space Weathering of Phobos: Laboratory Investigation of Sputtering by Atomic and Molecular Planetary Ions

et al. 2020

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Key Points: • Experiments with Phobos analogs were carried out to evaluate the sputtering by O + , C + , O2 + and CO2 + ions from the Martian atmosphere. • The sputter yield from O ions is lower than previously assumed and no yield increases due to molecular effects were observed. • Previous predictions that planetary O ions will dominate sputtering in the Martian tail region are supported by the measurements presented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Insights Into Space Weathering of Phobos: Laboratory Investigation of Sputtering by Atomic and Molecular Planetary Ions

et al. 2020

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“…In order to investigate the plasma performance, a series of studies were performed on SMART systems [32][33][34][35][36][37]. In all these studies performance of SMART alloys was directly compared to that of pure tungsten made by an industrial company using ITER specifications [38,39].…”

Section: Plasma Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all these studies performance of SMART alloys was directly compared to that of pure tungsten made by an industrial company using ITER specifications [38,39]. This was made either by placing the SMART samples along with pure W samples on the same holder and by exposing them under identical conditions as realized in linear plasma device PSI-2 in Julich [32][33][34]37], or by repeating the experiments by keeping the plasma conditions identical for pairs of SMART and pure W samples, as in the experiments in the divertor simulator Magnum-PSI located in the DIFFER institute in Eindhoven [12,36].…”

Section: Plasma Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During all exposures, the plasma parameters were chosen and controlled as closely as possible to those expected during the regular plasma operation in DEMO. The temperature of all samples was always kept in the range of 590 • C-650 • C [32][33][34][35][36][37] as expected for the first wall in DEMO [40].…”

Section: Plasma Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma performance of SMART alloys has been examined, besides the above-mentioned regime, under a number of various plasma conditions, which might exist in DEMO. Among these conditions are, e.g., the limiter phase operation of DEMO [32,36,37] and the potentially possible seeding of DEMO plasmas [34,35]. Under limiter-phase conditions, SMART systems featured enhanced sputtering compared to that of pure tungsten.…”

Section: Plasma Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Self-Passivating Alloys for an Application under Extreme Conditions

Litnovsky

Klein

Tan

et al. 2021

Metals

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Self-passivating Metal Alloys with Reduced Thermo-oxidation (SMART) are under development for the primary application as plasma-facing materials for the first wall in a fusion DEMOnstration power plant (DEMO). SMART materials must combine suppressed oxidation in case of an accident and an acceptable plasma performance during the regular operation of the future power plant. Modern SMART materials contain chromium as a passivating element, yttrium as an active element and a tungsten base matrix. An overview of the research and development program on SMART materials is presented and all major areas of the structured R&D are explained. Attaining desired performance under accident and regular plasma conditions are vital elements of an R&D program addressing the viability of the entire concept. An impressive more than 104-fold suppression of oxidation, accompanied with more than 40-fold suppression of sublimation of tungsten oxide, was attained during an experimentally reproduced accident event with a duration of 10 days. The sputtering resistance under DEMO-relevant plasma conditions of SMART materials and pure tungsten was identical for conditions corresponding to nearly 20 days of continuous DEMO operation. Fundamental understanding of physics processes undergone in the SMART material is gained via fundamental studies comprising dedicated modeling and experiments. The important role of yttrium, stabilizing the SMART alloy microstructure and improving self-passivating behavior, is under investigation. Activities toward industrial up-scale have begun, comprising the first mechanical alloying with an industrial partner and the sintering of a bulk SMART alloy sample with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 7 mm using an industrial facility. These achievements open the way to further expansion of the SMART technology toward its application in fusion and potentially in other renewable energy sources such as concentrated solar power stations.

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