Preferred Temperature of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri Richardson) and Its Unusual Relationship to Acclimation Temperature

Garside, E. T.; Tait, J. S.

doi:10.1139/z58-052

Cited by 56 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The preferred temperature for sockeye salmon, however, appears to be slightly cooler (10-12°C; Birtwell et al, 1994;Spohn et al, 1996). Garside and Tait (1958) suggested a preferred temperature range for rainbow trout of 11-16°C, which coincides with the optimum temperature range suggested for cardiac performance (Farrell et al, 1996;Taylor et al, 1997;Farrell, 2002). The present experiments show that the shift in responses to repeated swimming for cold-and warm-acclimated fish occurred at around 12°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Influence of seasonal temperature on the repeat swimming performance of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

Jain

Farrell

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

161

116

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). Given that metabolic recovery in skeletal muscle (muscle lactate, ATP and glycogen, but not PCr) occurs more rapidly at warm than cold temperatures in exhausted rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Kieffer et al., 1994;Wilkie et al., 1997;Kieffer, 2000), the expectation is that swimming performance is restored faster at a higher temperature. This expectation would be consistent with the known increase in both maximum oxygen uptake and maximum cardiac output with temperature (e.g. Butler et al., 1992;Farrell, 1997;Taylor et al., 1997) because an improved oxygen delivery system could support a more rapid recovery of the metabolic debt incurred with exhaustive exercise. However, when Atlantic salmon were angled rather than chased to exhaustion, muscle glycogen, intracellular pH and lactate were restored more rapidly under cold conditions than warm conditions (Wilkie et al., While the temperature dependence of exercise performance in fishes is reasonably well documented, information on the temperature dependence of metabolic recovery and reperformance is scant. This study examined the recovery of swimming performance after exhaustive exercise in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at seasonal temperatures ranging from 5 to 17°C and explored the relationship between performance and preceding metabolic state. The primary objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that increased temperature increases the capability of rainbow trout to repeat a critical swimming speed (U crit), as assessed by two consecutive critical swimming speed tests separated by a 40·min rest interval. An additional expectation was that certain plasma ionic, metabolic and humoral parameters would be correlated with how well fish reperformed and so plasma levels of lactate, potassium, ammonia, osmolality, sodium and cortisol, as well as hematocrit, were monitored before, during and after the swim challenges via an indwelling cannula in the dorsal aorta. As expected, performance in the first Ucrit test (Ucrit1) was positively related to temperature. However, the relationship between Ucrit1 and reperformance (Ucrit2) was not dependent on acclimation temperature in a simple manner. Contrary to our expectations, Ucrit2 was less than Ucrit1 for warmacclimated fish (14.9±1.0°C), whereas Ucrit2 equaled Ucrit1 for cold-acclimated fish (8.4±0.9°C). Cold-acclimated fish also exhibited a lower Ucrit1 and less metabolic disruption compared with warm-acclimated fish. Thus, while warm acclimation conferred a faster Ucrit1, a similar swimming speed could not be attained on subsequent swim after a 40·min recovery period. This finding does not support the hypothesis that the ability of rainbow trout to reperform on U crit test is improved with temperature. Both plasma lactate and plasma potassium levels were strongly correlated with Ucrit1 performance. Therefore, the higher Ucrit1 of warm-acclimated fish may have been due in part to a greater anaerobic swimming effort compared with cold-acclimated fish. In fact, a significant co...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Influence of seasonal temperature on the repeat swimming performance of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

Jain

Farrell

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

161

116

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“…Water temperatures were relatively constant and close to optimal for salmonids (Garside & Tait 1958) and dissolved oxygen levels were close to saturation.…”

Section: Emigration From the Tributary Streamsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recruitment and distribution of juvenile salmonids in Lake Coleridge, New Zealand

Graynoth¹

1999

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykissRichardson) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha Walbaum) fry and 0+ fingerlings entered Lake Coleridge, a deep, oligotrophic lake in the Southern Alps of New Zealand, in spring and early summer and dispersed throughout the shallow littoral. In contrast, most juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus) remained in the tributaries for 1-2 years before migrating down stream to the lake. Juvenile salmonids (<35Omm) were more abundant in the shallow littoral (<10 m), especially near tributaries, than in the deep littoral (10-40 m), or the surface layers (0-16 m) of the limnetic zone which were populated by yearling (>150 mm) and adult salmon and rainbow trout (>210 mm). The abundance of 0+ rainbow trout in the littoral zone declined rapidly from February to August and stocks were supplemented by a migration of yearling fish from the tributaries in spring. The shallow littoral zone and tributaries are both important for juvenile trout rearing in this lake.

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“…Also, note that the concentrations to which the fish were exposed in experiments 4 and 5 were below that of experiment 1 and similar to that in experiment 3, yet mortalities during the recovery period were much higher . Recovery from chlorineinduced stress was good by fish exposed to 1 .10 to 1 .67 mg 1 -' total residual chlorine (TRC) at a water temperature of 13 .5°C -which is near the temperature preference for this species (Garside & Tait 1958) -and up to 1.7°C . The lower temperature (13 .5°C) apparently had no protective influence against mortality if the chlorine concentration was as high as 3 .5 mg I -' TRC .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recovery and hematological rehabilitation of chlorine stressed adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Zeitoun

1978

Environ Biol Fish

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Preferred Temperature of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri Richardson) and Its Unusual Relationship to Acclimation Temperature

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of seasonal temperature on the repeat swimming performance of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

Influence of seasonal temperature on the repeat swimming performance of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

Recruitment and distribution of juvenile salmonids in Lake Coleridge, New Zealand

The recovery and hematological rehabilitation of chlorine stressed adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

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