Prefrontal recruitment during social rejection predicts greater subsequent self-regulatory imbalance and impairment: neural and longitudinal evidence

Chester, David S.; DeWall, C. Nathan

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.054

Cited by 42 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Although previous research has shown that the rVLPFC is involved in self-control and emotion regulation (Aron & Poldrack, 2005;Berkman et al, 2009;Chester & DeWall, 2014;Chikazoe et al, 2009;Cohen et al, 2013;Ernst et al, 2002;Kim & Hamann, 2007;Lieberman et al, 2007;McClure et al, 2004;Wager et al, 2008; see also Boggio et al, 2016), only a few studies have used noninvasive brain stimulation techniques to study the role of the prefrontal cortex in setting aggression levels (for a review, see Boggio et al, 2016). In one study, angered participants who received tDCS to modulate hemispheric asymmetry in frontal cortical activity (anode over left and cathode over right prefrontal cortex) were more aggressive than participants who received sham stimulation (Hortensius, Schutter, & Harmon-Jones, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) has been implicated in various forms of self-control, including motor control (Chikazoe et al, 2009), risk-taking behavior (Ernst et al, 2002, control over immediate temptations (McClure, Laibson, Loewenstein, & Cohen, 2004), and emotional control (Kim, & Hamann, 2007;Wager, Davidson, Hughes, Lindquist, & Ochsner, 2008). Overall, the rVLPFC is wellknown as a fundamental brain region for cognitive and emotional control in general (Berkman, Burklund, & Lieberman, 2009;Boggio, Rêgo, Marques, & Costa, 2016;Chester & DeWall, 2014;Cohen, Berkman, & Lieberman, 2013;Lieberman et al, 2007), and for response inhibition in particular (Aron & Poldrack, 2005). Previous research has shown that stimulating the rVLPFC can reduce the aggression caused by social exclusion .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neuromodulation can reduce aggressive behavior elicited by violent video games

Riva

Gabbiadini

Lauro

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Research has shown that exposure to violent media increases aggression. However, the neural underpinnings of violent-media-related aggression are poorly understood.Additionally, few experiments have tested hypotheses concerning how to reduce violent-media-related aggression. In this experiment, we focused on a brain area involved in the regulation of aggressive impulses-the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC). We tested the hypothesis that brain polarization through anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over rVLPFC reduces aggression related to violent video games. Participants (N = 79) were randomly assigned to play a violent or a nonviolent video game while receiving anodal or sham stimulation. Afterward, participants aggressed against an ostensible partner using the Taylor aggression paradigm (Taylor Journal of Personality, 35, 297-310, 1967), which measures both unprovoked and provoked aggression. Among those who received sham stimulation, unprovoked aggression was significantly higher for violent-game players than for nonviolent-game players. Among those who received anodal stimulation, unprovoked aggression did not differ for violent-and nonviolent-game players. Thus, anodal stimulation reduced unprovoked aggression in violent-game players. No significant effects were found for provoked aggression, suggesting tit-for-tat responding. This experiment sheds light on one possible neural underpinning of violent-media-related aggression-the rVLPFC, a brain area involved in regulating negative feelings and aggressive impulses.Keywords Violent video games . Aggression . Self-control . Taylor aggression paradigm (TAP) . Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) When I was running Atari, violence against humanoid figures was not allowed. We'd let you shoot at a tank . . . but we drew the line at shooting at people, with blood splattering everywhere.-Nolan Bushnell, founder of Atari Nolan Bushnell, one of the founding fathers of the video game industry, Bdrew the line^at shooting at people. However, other video game developers have crossed over that line. In many violent video games today, players can kill realistic human-like characters using a wide variety of weapons. Playing violent video games is not just Bharmless fun,^either. Numerous studies have shown that violent video games can increase aggression (Anderson et al., 2010;Greitemeyer & Mügge, 2014). A recent report from the American Psychological Association (2015) concluded, BThe research demonstrates a consistent relation between violent video game use and increases in aggressive behavior.Ĥ owever, little is known about the neural mechanisms involved in the link between exposure to violent media and aggression. One possible mechanism is the prefrontal cortex, which regulates executive functions such as self-control (Carnagey, Anderson, & Bartholow, 2007). In particular, the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) has been implicated in various forms of self-control, including motor control (Chikazoe et al., 20...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromodulation can reduce aggressive behavior elicited by violent video games

Riva

Gabbiadini

Lauro

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…However, this relationship between the lateral prefrontal cortex and effective self-control appears to flip for regulatory situations characterized by negative affect. Indeed, greater lateral prefrontal activity during a socially painful event predicted impaired self-control both soon after the event and during the following week (Chester & DeWall, 2014). The question remains: why would greater inhibitory brain activity predict worse self-control?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negative urgency is a facet of impulsivity that predicts problematic outcomes (e.g., intimate partner violence, substance abuse) above-and-beyond other features of impulsivity, such as sensation-seeking (e.g., Derefinko, DeWall, Metze, Walsh, & Lynam, 2011; Settles et al, 2013). Based on previous findings linking excessive inhibitory brain activity during negatively-valenced emotional situations to self-control failure (Chester & DeWall, 2014), we expected that negative urgency would be associated with an excessive (and not insufficient) recruitment of the lateral prefrontal cortex during negative-valenced instances of inhibitory effort. Further, we predicted that such exaggerated activity in these prefrontal regions would predict self-control failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do negative emotions impair self-control? A neural model of negative urgency

Lynam²,

et al. 2016

Self Cite

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Self-control often fails when people experience negative emotions. Negative urgency represents the dispositional tendency to experience such self-control failure in response to negative affect. The neural underpinnings of negative urgency are not fully understood, nor is the more general phenomenon of self-control failure in response to negative emotions. Previous theorizing suggests that an insufficient, inhibitory response from the prefrontal cortex may be the culprit behind such self-control failure. However, we entertained an alternative hypothesis: negative emotions lead to self-control failure because they excessively tax inhibitory regions of the prefrontal cortex. Using fMRI, we compared the neural activity of people high in negative urgency with controls on an emotional, inhibitory Go/No-Go task. While experiencing negative (but not positive or neutral) emotions, participants high in negative urgency showed greater recruitment of inhibitory brain regions than controls. Suggesting a compensatory function, inhibitory accuracy among participants high in negative urgency was associated with greater prefrontal recruitment. Greater activity in the anterior insula on negatively-valenced, inhibitory trials predicted greater substance abuse one month and one year after the MRI scan among individuals high in negative urgency. These results suggest that, among people whose negative emotions often lead to self-control failure, excessive reactivity of the brain’s regulatory resources may be the culprit.

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“…In a more recent study, the right ventral prefrontal cortex was also activated following social rejection [26]. The authors suggested that this activation led to a subsequent self-regulatory imbalance that led to reflexive impulses like daily cravings for alcohol.…”

Section: Brain Activity Associated With Heartbreakmentioning

confidence: 96%

Romantic Breakup Distress, Betrayal and Heartbreak: A Review

Field¹

2017

IJBRP

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Although romantic breakups, breakup distress and heartbreak are common among adults, they have occurred as early as the seventh grade [90], and most of the studies on these topics have been conducted with university students, as reflected by the literature reviewed in this paper. Romantic breakups occur in as many as twothirds of university samples [43,104]. The breakups frequently lead to breakup distress which is often associated with depression, feelings of rejection and betrayal, heartbreak symptoms including chest pain and compromised immune function. This review summarizes some of that literature.In one of the early studies on romantic breakups in university students, the Breakup Distress Scale (adapted from the Inventory of Complicated Grief) and several other measures were used to assess the distress that followed romantic breakups [43]. In that, 192 university students (primarily Hispanic women)were surveyed about their recent romantic breakup. The students were divided into high versus low scoring groups based on the Breakup Distress Scale. The group with high Breakup Distress Scale scores reported that they had less time since the breakup occurred, that they were not the initiators of the breakup, that the breakup was sudden and unexpected, and that they felt rejected and betrayed. In a regression analysis on the same database, the depression scores (CES-D) and feeling rejected and betrayed by the breakup were significant predictors of the Breakup Distress scores. These variables explained 37% of the variance, highlighting their relationships to breakup distress. These results were not surprising given that depression has been related to other kinds of grief, and feelings of rejection and betrayal have been notably similar to physical pain and have led to immune dysfunction [29,47]. Thus, literature that related romantic breakups to depression, rejection and betrayal, pain and immune dysfunction are reviewed here. In addition, fMRI and biochemical data are reviewed as potential underlying mechanisms, and social and biochemical interventions are briefly explored. AbstractA review of the romantic breakup literature suggests that it can lead to breakup distress, betrayal and heartbreak. The breakup distress that occurs can be explained in part by depression and feelings of rejection and betrayal. These may lead to physical problems including heartbreak or the broken heart syndrome and immune dysfunction. The broken heart syndrome has notably mimicked heart attacks, but it has been differentiated from a real heart attack by angiograms revealing unclogged arteries and no permanent heart damage. Reduced vagal activity and increased cortisol and catecholamine levels (dopamine and norepinephrine) accompanying heartbreak are thought to be potential underlying mechanisms for the broken heart syndrome and for immune dysfunction including increased inflammatory cytokines and reduced natural killer cells. fMRIs following breakups have revealed increased activity in the cingulate cortex and the right ventricular pr...

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Prefrontal recruitment during social rejection predicts greater subsequent self-regulatory imbalance and impairment: neural and longitudinal evidence

Cited by 42 publications

References 62 publications

Neuromodulation can reduce aggressive behavior elicited by violent video games

Neuromodulation can reduce aggressive behavior elicited by violent video games

How do negative emotions impair self-control? A neural model of negative urgency

Romantic Breakup Distress, Betrayal and Heartbreak: A Review

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