Pregnancy and Human Herpesvirus 8 Reactivation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Women

Lisco, Andrea; Barbierato, Massimo; Fiore, Josè Ramon; Gasperini, Paola; Favia, Anna; Volpe, Anna; Chironna, Maria; Pastore, Giuseppe; Chieco‐Bianchi, Luigi; Calabrò, Maria Luisa

doi:10.1128/jcm.00791-06

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In addition, we found a high frequency of gestational diabetes that preceded DM-2, and HHV-8 reactivation during pregnancy has been previously reported in HIV type 1-infected women. 34 Therefore, gestational diabetes may possibly reveal ketosisprone DM-2 at an early stage.…”

Section: Hhv-8 Seropositvity In Nonketotic Dm-2 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and <emph type="ital">Human Herpesvirus 8</emph> Infection in Sub-Saharan Africans

Sobngwi

Choukem²,

Agbalika³

et al. 2008

JAMA

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INCE 1987, AN ATYPICAL PRESENtation of diabetes has emerged as one of the most frequent forms of diabetes in populations of African origin. [1][2][3][4][5] It is a diabetic syndrome characterized by an acute onset with severe hyperglycemia and ketosis or ketoacidosis requiring insulin therapy, followed by longterm insulin-free near-normoglycemic remission periods, 6,7 frequently interrupted by ketotic relapses. 3 Thus, it resembles type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) at onset and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) over the long term. Because of the unknown etiology of this form of diabetes, especially in the absence of classic markers of autoimmune diabetes, it has conservatively been classified under idiopathic DM-1 or DM-1B by the World Health

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Section: Hhv-8 Seropositvity In Nonketotic Dm-2 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and <emph type="ital">Human Herpesvirus 8</emph> Infection in Sub-Saharan Africans

Sobngwi

Choukem²,

Agbalika³

et al. 2008

JAMA

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“…Another study monitored the HHV-8 load in PBMC in 15 pregnant women coinfected with HIV and HHV-8, showing an increase in HHV-8 viral load during the last two trimesters (whereas a decrease in HIV viremia was observed) [28]. The authors of this study suggest that the changes in immune response observed during pregnancy, especially the modulation of Th1/Th2 balance, might explain this increase.…”

Section: Discussion and Review Of The Literaturementioning

confidence: 88%

“…To date, the relationship between pregnancy and KS course remains unclear since cases of both spontaneous remission and disseminated KS during pregnancy are reported in the literature [20,28,31]. …”

Section: Discussion and Review Of The Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Kaposi's Sarcoma and Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2013

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We report the observation of cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) worsening during the second trimester of pregnancy in 2 African women. Both patients were tested seronegative for HIV. They had no complication during their pregnancy, and no evidence of extracutaneous disease was found, allowing therapeutic abstention. They gave birth to healthy children showing no clinical evidence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection. Based on these observations and on the review of the literature, we discuss the risk of vertical transmission of HHV-8 as well as the impact of pregnancy on KS.

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“…African women also showed higher KSHV detection rates in cervicovaginal secretions compared to women from non-endemic or subendemic areas [ 56 , 228 , 415 ], indicating that KSHV load in the female genital tract might infl uence vertical transmission. Like other herpesviruses, KSHV may be reactivated during pregnancy, as demonstrated in HIV-1-infected women [ 245 ]. KSHV can also infect trophoblasts and placental endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo, providing evidence that transplacental transmission may, though rarely, occur in endemic countries [ 112 ].…”

Section: Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Initial studies on vertical transmission showed that KSHV seroreactivity in newborns is mainly due to transplacental passage of maternal antibodies [ 57 , 159 ]. However, rare cases of in utero or intrapartum KSHV transmission were documented in newborns by the detection of KSHV DNA in a newborn's blood at birth [ 46 , 245 , 255 , 273 ] and by the detection in an infant of primary infection with the mother's orfK1 subtype [ 245 ]. African women also showed higher KSHV detection rates in cervicovaginal secretions compared to women from non-endemic or subendemic areas [ 56 , 228 , 415 ], indicating that KSHV load in the female genital tract might infl uence vertical transmission.…”

Section: Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Biological Characteristics and Pathogenesis

Sarid

Calabrò

2014

Viral Infections of Humans

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KSHV is a lymphotropic gamma-2 herpesvirus (rhadinovirus) and is the only member of this group that infects humans. KSHV shares close homology with several primate and nonprimate mammalian viruses, having the closest homology with retroperitoneal fi bromatosis herpesviruses (RFHV) and rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) [ 110 , 347 , 363 ]. Among human herpesviruses, KSHV is most closely related to the EpsteinBarr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous lymphotropic virus which is associated causally with several human cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and certain types of lymphomas.The overall size of the KSHV virion is 120-150 nm. Four structural proteins encoded by the orf 25 , orf26 , orf62 , and orf65 encompass the icosahedral capsid shell of KSHV which has a diameter of ~130 nm. Three of these proteins share signifi cant homology with capsid proteins in alpha and beta-herpesvirus subfamilies, whereas ORF65 differs from its structural counterparts in the other subfamilies [ 397 ]. Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and Cryo-EM tomography studies suggest that KSHV capsomers are hexamers and pentamers of the major capsid protein encoded by orf25 , with the small capsid protein, encoded by orf65 , binding around the tips of both hexons and pentons [ 108 ]. An amorphous, but highly organized, proteinaceous tegument, wrapped with a lipid bilayer envelope containing surface viral glycoproteins, surrounds the capsid. Several cellular

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Pregnancy and Human Herpesvirus 8 Reactivation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Women

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and <emph type="ital">Human Herpesvirus 8</emph> Infection in Sub-Saharan Africans

Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and <emph type="ital">Human Herpesvirus 8</emph> Infection in Sub-Saharan Africans

Kaposi's Sarcoma and Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Biological Characteristics and Pathogenesis

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