Pregnancy Associated Granulomatous Mastitis: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcome

Li, Shun-Bo; Xiong, Ying; Han, Xiao; Liu, Zeyu; Lv, Xinlin; Ning, Ping

doi:10.1089/bfm.2021.0023

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some authors have suggested that granulomatous mastitis is caused by Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii [9,10], which is a normal inhabitant of the human skin. Li et al [11] reported that all 15 pregnant women with granulomatous mastitis in their study had at least one episode before giving birth, indicating that C. kroppenstedtii infection may occur during the postpartum period when the mammary glands open. Our patient had one such episode before delivery and did not improve with ceftriaxone or cefazolin treatment, which may be because C. kroppenstedtii is generally resistant to β-lactams antibiotics [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Granulomatous Mastitis With Erythema Nodosum During Pregnancy: A Case Report

Mabuchi¹,

Ohta²,

Egawa³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign disease that typically occurs in parous women. Some reports have described cases of erythema nodosum appearing following granulomatous mastitis, which is often treated with steroids. Here, we report a case of granulomatous mastitis with erythema nodosum successfully treated via drainage only, which may have been caused by the higher plasma cortisol levels observed during pregnancy. Although mastitis is rare during pregnancy, the current case suggests that granulomatous mastitis should be considered in pregnant women with treatment-resistant mastitis, especially in those with erythema nodosum and a history of birth. Furthermore, patients with granulomatous mastitis may not require prednisolone treatment during pregnancy, which may help in preventing steroid-associated conditions such as infections and gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Granulomatous Mastitis With Erythema Nodosum During Pregnancy: A Case Report

Mabuchi¹,

Ohta²,

Egawa³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…Increased temperature, elevated Z-AAT concentration and acidosis, all of which may occur at the sites of tissue inflammation in vivo , were observed to enhance AAT polymerization in vitro . It was hypothesized that the increased secretion of AAT compensated the insufficient anti-inflammatory ability caused by the absence of ATT in long-term local inflammatory responses, which may also explain the self-limiting nature of GLM that has been reported by several studies ( 35 , 36 ). Li et al ( 35 ) retrospectively analyzed 15 cases of pregnancy-associated granulomatous mastitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was hypothesized that the increased secretion of AAT compensated the insufficient anti-inflammatory ability caused by the absence of ATT in long-term local inflammatory responses, which may also explain the self-limiting nature of GLM that has been reported by several studies ( 35 , 36 ). Li et al ( 35 ) retrospectively analyzed 15 cases of pregnancy-associated granulomatous mastitis. Almost all patients were selected for observation during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression profiles of miRNA in granulomatous lobular mastitis and identification of possible biomarkers

et al. 2022

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The etiology and pathogenesis of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) remain largely elusive and the expression levels and regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in GLM have remained mostly undetermined. In the present study, the miRNAs that were differentially expressed in breast biopsy samples from patients with GLM and normal tissue adjacent to fibroadenoma were analyzed, a comprehensive differential expression profile of miRNAs was provided and potential biomarkers were screened out. The expression profile of miRNAs was determined by high-throughput sequencing in the tissues of patients with GLM and healthy controls. Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by threshold setting and cluster analysis and their target genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Finally, circulating differentially expressed miRNAs between the GLM and control groups were further analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A total of 31,077 miRNAs were detected by high-throughput sequencing. By using the cutoff criteria of |log2 fold change|>2.5 and q<0.001, 13 miRNAs that were indicated to be GLM biomarkers were screened out. The expression levels of these 13 miRNAs in the GLM group were higher than those in the control group. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that the occurrence and development of GLM may be associated with autoimmune inflammation, metabolism and pathogenic organisms. miR-451a and miR-5571-3p were confirmed to be significantly increased in the serum of patients with GLM compared with their levels in the serum of healthy volunteers, which suggests that they may be used as biomarkers of GLM. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first report detailing genome-wide miRNA profiling of patients with GLM compared with controls. The possible targets and pathways of GLM were evaluated by bioinformatics analysis. The present study identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs with important theoretical significance and potential application. Furthermore, miR-451a and miR-5571-3p were verified by RT-qPCR as possible biomarkers of GLM.

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“…Recent studies conducted over the last 10 years have emphasized that other factors such as genetic factors, smoking, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. It remains unclear whether GLM is caused by a single factor or a combination of factors (5,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Autoimmunity is considered the strongest theory in explaining the cause.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: It is Time to Tell the Untold

İrkörücü¹

2023

Erciyes Med J

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Objective: Granulomatous mastitis is an infrequent, benign, inflammatory disease of the breast that mostly affects young women of reproductive age. The main objective of this review was to clarify the latest terminology and to provide an update on the diagnosis and management. Materials and Methods:A total of 792 granulomatous mastitis-related articles published in the English literature from 1965 to 2022 were reviewed. Results:The management of this benign but daunting condition remains controversial, and there is no worldwide consensus regarding the best systematic treatment protocol. Good judgment is required to ensure optimal diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion:This narrative review deals with the latest developments in the diagnosis, etiopathogenesis, and modern treatment of the disease.

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Pregnancy Associated Granulomatous Mastitis: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcome

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Granulomatous Mastitis With Erythema Nodosum During Pregnancy: A Case Report

Granulomatous Mastitis With Erythema Nodosum During Pregnancy: A Case Report

Differential expression profiles of miRNA in granulomatous lobular mastitis and identification of possible biomarkers

An Update on Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: It is Time to Tell the Untold

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