Pregnancy Endocrinology

Palomba, Stefano; Daolio, Jessica

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.03913-1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Amidst the scarcity of studies on the extent of the role of hPL in lactation [ 15 , 16 ] and the effect of hPL on breast cancer, we have conducted this research to further delineate the role of hPL along the spectrum of lactation, normal, and malignant mammary epithelium through its immunohistochemical expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pattern of Expression of Human Placental Lactogen Across Normal, Lactational, and Malignant Mammary Epithelium

Alyusuf¹,

Wazir²,

Brahmi³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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The immunoexpression of human placental lactogen (hPL) in mammary epithelium is not well studied in the literature. Our overall objective was to delineate the distribution pattern of hPL across mammary epithelia of varying levels of differentiation. This is the first research to study the level of expression of hPL in human lactational change epithelium. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for hPL was performed on archival formalinfixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 97 cases. These consisted of 53 invasive ductal carcinomas, 21 lactational change cases, and 23 cases of normal mammary tissue. The results of this study show underexpression of hPL in malignant epithelium compared to normal and lactational groups individually and combined as a non-malignant group. However, a higher expression of hPL was noted in mammary carcinoma of axillary lymph node (ALN)-positive patients compared to ALN-negative cases. There was no statistically significant difference between hPL expression and tumor grade, estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. The comparison of the immunoexpression of hPL in malignant epithelium versus lactational change epithelium may provide the basis for future studies on the possible role of hPL in the protective mechanism of lactation tissue from carcinogenesis. Our results could be explained by the proposed mechanism in the literature, which is that breast cancer cells have a potential inhibitory effect on the translation of human chorionic somatotropin hormone (CSH) mRNA into hPL protein. Our results support the literature findings of a poorer prognostic outcome for breast malignancies when hPL is expressed but require further studies using a more comprehensive range of clinical parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pattern of Expression of Human Placental Lactogen Across Normal, Lactational, and Malignant Mammary Epithelium

Alyusuf¹,

Wazir²,

Brahmi³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…A body of pre-clinical evidence certainly provides theoretical grounds to suggest that hPL may be immediately relevant to maternal glucoregulation in pregnancy: at high concentrations, hPL has classically been considered a ‘diabetogenic’ hormone [ 8 , 52 ] with insulin-antagonistic and lipolytic effects. Most endocrine texts still describe hPL as a key contributor to gestational insulin resistance, increasing fetal nutrient availability by sparing glucose, amino acids and ketones for placental-fetal transport [ 53 ]. However, rodent and in vitro human data have also repeatedly identified a key parallel role for hPL (acting via the PRL receptor) to induce maternal pancreatic adaptation to pregnancy, increase beta-cell mass, and potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion [ 6 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Placental Lactogen in Relation to Maternal Metabolic Health and Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rassie

Giri

Joham

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Human placental lactogen (hPL) is a placental hormone which appears to have key metabolic functions in pregnancy. Preclinical studies have putatively linked hPL to maternal and fetal outcomes, yet—despite human observational data spanning several decades—evidence on the role and importance of this hormone remains disparate and conflicting. We aimed to explore (via systematic review and meta-analysis) the relationship between hPL levels, maternal pre-existing and gestational metabolic conditions, and fetal growth. MEDLINE via OVID, CINAHL plus, and Embase were searched from inception through 9 May 2022. Eligible studies included women who were pregnant or up to 12 months post-partum, and reported at least one endogenous maternal serum hPL level during pregnancy in relation to pre-specified metabolic outcomes. Two independent reviewers extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible; for other outcomes narrative synthesis was performed. 35 studies met eligibility criteria. No relationship was noted between hPL and gestational diabetes status. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, hPL levels appeared lower in early pregnancy (possibly reflecting delayed placental development) and higher in late pregnancy (possibly reflecting increased placental mass). Limited data were found in other pre-existing metabolic conditions. Levels of hPL appear to be positively related to placental mass and infant birthweight in pregnancies affected by maternal diabetes. The relationship between hPL, a purported pregnancy metabolic hormone, and maternal metabolism in human pregnancy is complex and remains unclear. This antenatal biomarker may offer value, but future studies in well-defined contemporary populations are required.

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“…With maternal fasting, hPL release increases the availability of FFAs to the mother for use as fuel, sparing glucose and amino acids for placental transport and fetal nutrition. 10 hPL is also likely to play a role in inducing and maintaining the state of physiological hyperleptinaemia but relative leptin resistance seen in pregnancy, which provides maternal appetite stimulus even with increasing adipose deposition. 4 hPL (and PRL) also seems to increase appetite and food intake via other mechanisms, with widespread distribution of PRL receptors in the hypothalamus and induction of hyperphagia after intracerebroventricular administration, suggesting a central mode of action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactogenic hormones in relation to maternal metabolic health in pregnancy and postpartum: protocol for a systematic review

et al. 2022

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IntroductionMaternal metabolic disease states (such as gestational and pregestational diabetes and maternal obesity) are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide and are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Despite this, their aetiology remains incompletely understood. Lactogenic hormones, namely, human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin (PRL), play often overlooked roles in maternal metabolism and glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and (in the case of PRL) postpartum, and have clinical potential from a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective. This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review which will synthesise the available scientific evidence linking these two hormones to maternal and fetal metabolic conditions/outcomes.Methods and analysisMEDLINE (via OVID), CINAHL and Embase will be systematically searched for all original observational and interventional research articles, published prior to 8 July 2021, linking hPL and/or PRL levels (in pregnancy and/or up to 12 months postpartum) to key maternal metabolic conditions/outcomes (including pre-existing and gestational diabetes, markers of glucose/insulin metabolism, postpartum glucose status, weight change, obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome). Relevant fetal outcomes (birth weight and placental mass, macrosomia and growth restriction) will also be included. Two reviewers will assess articles for eligibility according to prespecified selection criteria, followed by full-text review, quality appraisal and data extraction. Where possible, meta-analysis will be performed; otherwise, a narrative synthesis of findings will be presented.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conference meetings, and will be used to inform future research directions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021262771.

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Pregnancy Endocrinology

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

The Pattern of Expression of Human Placental Lactogen Across Normal, Lactational, and Malignant Mammary Epithelium

The Pattern of Expression of Human Placental Lactogen Across Normal, Lactational, and Malignant Mammary Epithelium

Human Placental Lactogen in Relation to Maternal Metabolic Health and Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lactogenic hormones in relation to maternal metabolic health in pregnancy and postpartum: protocol for a systematic review

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