Pregnancy Hepatitis in Libya

Christie, A. B.; Allam, Alif; Aref, Mohammed; Muntasser, I H; El-Nageh, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91210-1

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For some time we have observed that AVH, when associated with pregnancy, becomes an alarming condition and moves to the fulminant phase precipitously, often leading to abortion and stillbirth. The same observation is shared by other authors in many parts of the world, [4][5][6] although experience in Western Europe is different. 7,8 Many factors were suggested to explain this difference, such as geographical, genetic and nutritional factors, but none of them have been confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Acute Viral Hepatitis in Hummayat Infectious Diseases Hospital, Baghdad

Rassam

Al-Khoury

Al-Khoury³

1987

Ann Saudi Med

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Acute viral hepatitis occupies an important place among infectious diseases in the Baghdad area and was responsible for 11.2% of the total admissions to Hummayat Infectious Diseases Hospital, Baghdad, over the five-year period 1979 to 1983. There was no change in the admission rate during this five-year period, while there was a regular and significant increase during the last six months of each year. The total number of males admitted was higher than females (P <0.01), while the fatality rate was higher in females and mainly related to the 15+ years age group (P <0.001). The total fatality rate was 6%, while the fatality rate among the fulminant cases was 84%. Of the 500 patients tested for HBsAg, 24% were positive.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Acute Viral Hepatitis in Hummayat Infectious Diseases Hospital, Baghdad

Rassam

Al-Khoury

Al-Khoury³

1987

Ann Saudi Med

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“…Several authors working in the Middle East and India reported a worse prognosis for pregnant women with hepatitis [12][13][14] in contrast to the experience in western Europe [15,16]. We have reported a higher mortality in Iraqi females of childbearing age [17] and our results suggested that it is the female sex and not pregnancy that is responsible for the higher mortality in females of this age group.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Etiology and Clinical Pattern of Fulminant Hepatitis in Iraq

Rassam¹,

Goudeau

Dubois

et al. 1991

Ann Saudi Med

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Of 253 prospectively studied cases of acute viral hepatitis (AVH), 47 were fulminant (18.6%). There were 15 males and 32 females. Their age ranged from 7 to 60 years (mean, 28 years). Serological evidence of AVH-A was found in one case (2%), AVH-B in 13 cases (28%), AVH-D in one case (2%), and AVH-NANB in 32 cases (68%). Fulminant hepatitis was found in 2.6% of AVH-A cases, in 16.25% of AVH-B cases, in one of two AVH-D superinfections, and in 24.8% of the AVH-non-A, non-B (NANB) cases. The clinical picture in the two main etiological categories, namely the AVH-B and the AVH-NANB, showed that the latter possessed a more prolonged and severe clinical course with higher mortality (P <0.001). It also showed a higher mortality in females of the child bearing age, compared with males of the same age group (P <0.001).

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“…Similar observations have also been made in India and other developing countries during epidemics of viral hepatitis. 39–43 …”

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute hepatic failure in India: A perspective from the East

Acharya

Panda

Saxena

et al. 2000

J of Gastro and Hepatol

113

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Acute hepatic failure (AHF) in India almost always presents with encephalopathy within 4 weeks of the onset of acute hepatitis. Further subclassification of AHF into hyperacute, acute and subacute forms may not be necessary in this geographical area, where the rapidity of onset of encephalopathy does not seem to influence survival. Viral hepatitis is the cause in approximately 95–100% of patients, who therefore constitute a more homogeneous population than AHF patients in the West. In India, hepatitis E (HEV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viruses are the most important causes of AHF; approximately 60% of cases are caused by to these viruses. Hepatitis B virus core mutants are very important agents in cases where hepatitis B results in AHF in this country. Half of the patients with AHF admitted to our centre are female, one‐quarter of whom are pregnant. Therefore, pregnant females who contract viral hepatitis constitute a high‐risk group for the development of AHF. However, the outcome of AHF in this group is similar to that in non‐pregnant women and men. No association with any particular virus has been identified among sporadic cases of AHF. In our centre, approximately one‐third of AHF patients survive with aggressive conservative therapy, whereas two‐thirds of deaths occur within 72 h of hospitalization. Cerebral oedema and sepsis are the major fatal complications. Both fungal and Gram‐negative bacteria are major causes of sepsis. Among patients with AHF, despite the presence of sepsis, its overt clinical features (i.e. fever, leucocytosis) may be absent and objective documentation of the presence of sepsis in such patients is achieved by repeated culture of various body fluids. It should be possible to develop simple, clinical prognostic markers for AHF in this geographical region, in order to identify patients suitable for liver transplantation.

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Pregnancy Hepatitis in Libya

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Acute Viral Hepatitis in Hummayat Infectious Diseases Hospital, Baghdad

Acute Viral Hepatitis in Hummayat Infectious Diseases Hospital, Baghdad

Etiology and Clinical Pattern of Fulminant Hepatitis in Iraq

Acute hepatic failure in India: A perspective from the East

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