Pregnancy prediction on the day of embryo transfer (Day 7) and Day 14 by measuring luteal blood flow in dairy cows

Kanazawa, Takeru; Seki, M.; Ishiyama, Keiki; Kubo, Tomoaki; Kaneda, Yoshimi; Sakaguchi, Minoru; Izaike, Yoshiaki; Takahashi, Toshio

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.001

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Previous reports in other species have indicated that vascular development is essential for CL formation and maintenance, being luteal vascularization a requirement for an adequate P4 production and release into the general circulation (Balaro et al, ; Kanazawa et al, ). In fact, CL vascularization is associated with plasma P4 concentration and it has been proposed that it would be a good predictor of this hormone's concentration (cattle: Pinaffi et al, ; Kanazawa et al, ; Hassan et al, ; sheep: Figueira et al, ; goat: Balaro et al, ; horse: Ishak et al, ). In the present study, in both pregnant and non‐pregnant animals CL vascularization and P4 plasma concentration showed a similar profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular development is essential for CL formation and maintenance so the impairment of this process may lead to luteal insufficiency and affect pregnancy establishment (Chouhan et al, ). In fact, in different species CL vascularization is associated with plasma P4 concentration and so it has been proposed that luteal vascularization could be a good predictor of pregnancy rates (cattle: Acosta, Hayashi, Ohtani, & Miyamoto, ; Mann, ; Pinaffi et al, ; Kanazawa et al, ; sheep: Figueira et al, ; Arashiro et al, ; goat: Balaro, Santos, Moura, Fonseca, & Brandão, ; Cosentino et al, ; horse: Ginther, Gastal, Gastal, Utt, & Beg, ; Ishak, Bashir, Gastal, & Gastal, ). Similarly, in non‐pregnant llamas, plasma P4 and CL vascularization showed a similar profile after pharmacological induction of ovulation; suggesting an association between both variables (Ulloa‐Leal, Bogle, Adams, & Ratto, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Corpus luteum vascularization during the maternal recognition of pregnancy in llamas (Lama glama)

Gallelli

Bianchi

Zampini

et al. 2019

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The aim of this study was to characterize corpus luteum vascularization and its association with plasma progesterone concentration in early stages of pregnancy, when maternal recognition of pregnancy is expected to occur. In all animals, both plasma progesterone concentration and corpus luteum vascularization increased from Day 6 to Day 8 post‐mating and afterwards in non‐pregnant llamas they started to decrease to reach basal levels around Days 12 to 14 post‐mating, while in pregnant animals, both variables remained elevated until the end of the study. A lineal positive relationship between corpus luteum vascularization and plasma progesterone concentration was observed in pregnant (r2 = .46, p < .0001) and non‐pregnant llamas (r2 = .66, p < .0001). Pregnant animals showed higher plasma progesterone concentration and corpus luteum vascularization than the non‐pregnant ones from Day 12 post‐mating until the end of the study (p ˂ .05 and p ˂ .01, respectively). These results suggest that maternal recognition of pregnancy should occur before Day 12 post‐mating in order to expand luteal lifespan, maintaining corpus luteum vascularization and progesterone production. Also, the assessment of CL vascularization area could be a useful and non‐invasive method for early pregnancy diagnosis due to its association with plasma progesterone concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corpus luteum vascularization during the maternal recognition of pregnancy in llamas (Lama glama)

Gallelli

Bianchi

Zampini

et al. 2019

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Previous studies indicated that the blood flow area (BFA) and/or blood flow velocity in a CL are closely associated with the plasma P 4 concentrations throughout the estrous cycle, thus advancing CDUS a powerful tool for evaluating the CL function [ 9 , 13 ]. Therefore, recent studies have employed CDUS in practical applications for pregnancy diagnosis [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Indeed, the BFA of the CL measured by CDUS during early pregnancy is higher in pregnant than non-pregnant dairy cows at Days 19–21 post-insemination [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on Day 5 increases luteal blood flow and improves pregnancy prediction accuracy on Day 14 in recipient Holstein cows

Kanazawa

Seki

Ishiyama

et al. 2017

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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This study assessed the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment on Day 5 (Day 0 = estrus) on luteal blood flow and accuracy of pregnancy prediction in recipient cows. On Day 5, 120 lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 63) or GnRH group treated with 100 μg of GnRH agonist (n = 57). On Days 3, 5, 7, and 14, each cow underwent ultrasound examination to measure the blood flow area (BFA) and time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV) at the spiral arteries at the base of the corpus luteum using color Doppler ultrasonography. Cows with a corpus luteum diameter ≥ 20 mm (n = 120) received embryo transfers on Day 7. The BFA values in the GnRH group were significantly higher than those in the control group on Days 7 and 14. TAMV did not differ between these groups. According to receiver operating characteristic analyses to predict pregnancy, a BFA cutoff of 0.52 cm2 yielded the highest sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (90.5%) on Day 7, and BFA and TAMV values of 0.94 cm2 and 44.93 cm/s, respectively, yielded the highest sensitivity (97.1%) and specificity (100%) on Day 14 in the GnRH group. The areas under the curve for the paired BFA and TAMV in the GnRH group were 0.058 higher than those in the control group (0.996 and 0.938, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, GnRH treatment on Day 5 increased the luteal BFA in recipient cows on Days 7 and 14, and improved the accuracy of pregnancy prediction on Day 14.

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“…In our study, the PRF was set to a value of 2.1 KHz for CFM and 2.8 KHz for PFM. However, PRF settings of 1.4 KHz have been employed (8,14). The evaluation of luteal perfusion may be done directly in the desktop or off line after freezing significant screen shots or films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler sonography of the corpus luteum during the oestrus cycle in dairy cows

Marino¹,

Ciarello²,

Spisa³

et al. 2020

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Doppler ultrasound has recently emerged as one of the main innovations in cattle practice and has mainly found application in the evaluation of luteal blood perfusion (LBF). LBF has been evaluated during different phases of the oestrous cycle, but the technique is poorly standardized. The aim of the study was to evaluate visual and quantitative changes of size of corpus luteum (CL) and LBF in dairy cattle during an oestrous cycle at 2 follicular waves using colour flow mode (CFM) and power flow mode (PFM) doppler ultrasound. Ten Friesian cows were selected and synchronized. The CL was evaluated at 3/4-day intervals until the next oestrus onset. After identifying the spiral luteal artery entry at the base of the CL, multiple scans of the vertical plane at the maximum diameter of the CL from the apex to the base were recorded in B-mode, CFM and PFM for each cow and session. An Esaote Mylab vet 30 gold was employed with the following setting: pulse repetition frequency 2.1 (CFM) or 2.8 (PFM), gain 70%. The real area of CL (RACL) was calculated subtracting the area of the eventual inner cavity. The LBF was quantified off-line by means of a visual score and of an image analysis system (Digimizer 4.1). Student and Anova tests were used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as means and standard deviations. There were significant individual variations for the RACL and LBF when calculated in CFM. PFM minimized these variations, although, at day 15-16, it was also affected by individual factors (p < 0.01). The combined study of RACL and LBF during a 2-wave oestrous cycle distinguished 3 phases: a phase of CL formation (3-4 days) with LBF of 0.3 ± 0.3 cm2 on a RACL of 3.1 ± 0.9 cm2, a central phase (7-16 days) with LBF of 0.7 ± 0.4 cm2 on a RACL of 4.8 ± 0.8 cm2 and a regression phase (19-20 days) with a minimum LBF of 0.1 ± 0.1 cm2 in a CL of 3.3 ± 0.6 cm2. According to this study, there is no significant difference of LBF from 7 to 16 days of the oestrus cycle; although the RACL significantly changes in this period, the dimensional variations are too thin to be clinically appreciated. However, this study contributed to defining the values of RACL and LBF during a 2-wave oestrous cycle of dairy cattle.

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Pregnancy prediction on the day of embryo transfer (Day 7) and Day 14 by measuring luteal blood flow in dairy cows

Cited by 43 publications

References 37 publications

Corpus luteum vascularization during the maternal recognition of pregnancy in llamas (Lama glama)

Corpus luteum vascularization during the maternal recognition of pregnancy in llamas (Lama glama)

Administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on Day 5 increases luteal blood flow and improves pregnancy prediction accuracy on Day 14 in recipient Holstein cows

Doppler sonography of the corpus luteum during the oestrus cycle in dairy cows

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