Pregnancy Sickness

Cardwell, Michael S.

doi:10.1097/ogx.0b013e31826ff6c5

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a recent analysis of the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women in the United States, 8.7% used alcohol in the past 30 days compared to 58.2% of non-pregnant adults ( Oh, Gonzalez, Salas-Wright, Vaughn, & DiNitto, 2017 ). Many have argued that nausea and vomiting resulting from the first trimester pregnancy hormone, beta human choriogonadotropin (beta hcg) may be part of an endogenous embryo-protective mechanism to deter women from ingesting toxic substances like alcohol ( Flaxman and Sherman, 2000 , Cardwell, 2012 ). In addition to hormonal factors, public policy may play a role in alcohol use reduction during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol reduction in the first trimester is unrelated to smoking, patient or pregnancy characteristics

Schmidt

Lancia

Alvi

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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IntroductionStudies show alcohol-preferring mice reduce their alcohol intake during pregnancy; this study questions if the same is true for humans. The current investigation compares women's pre-pregnancy and first trimester alcohol consumption, examines if women with problem drinking diminish their alcohol intake during pregnancy, and determines if prenatal alcohol reduction is associated with characteristics of pregnancy, patients or smoking.Methods126 participants in weeks 1–12 of pregnancy, recruited from Obstetric and Family Practices, completed a survey during their initial prenatal visit including two gender-specific AUDITs (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tests) querying current and pre-pregnancy alcohol use. AUDIT-C (AUDIT items 1–3) scores measuring pre-pregnancy and first trimester alcohol consumption were compared, analyzed and tested using general linear model repeated. A p ≤ 0.05 was accepted as significant.ResultsMost participants were multiparous, Caucasian high school graduates experiencing nausea and vomiting. Pre-pregnancy alcohol use was significantly (p = 0.019, Fisher's exact) higher among women seeing obstetricians. Pre-pregnancy AUDIT-C scores (m (mean) = 2.22, sd (standard deviation) = 2.19) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than first trimester scores (m = 0.143, sd = 0.532). Among 49 with pre-pregnancy AUDIT-C scores ≥ 3, 45/49 (92%) reduced their alcohol use to zero during the first trimester. Age, race, education, marital status, parity, nausea and vomiting, gestational age and smoking were non-factors in score reduction.ConclusionsWomen reported reducing their alcohol consumption during pregnancy, including those screening positive for pre-pregnancy problem drinking. First trimester alcohol reduction cannot be accounted for by smoking, patient or pregnancy characteristics; public health initiatives, psychological factors and hormonal mechanisms may be implicated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol reduction in the first trimester is unrelated to smoking, patient or pregnancy characteristics

Schmidt

Lancia

Alvi

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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“…Early stage of pregnancy is usually associated with a variety of symptoms, including intermittent nausea and emesis [30] . Approximately 80% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting [1] , [16] , [38] especially during the first trimester [37] . A broad variety of remedy is proffered and employed in the management of nausea and its associated emesis [17] during gravidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of metal ion contents of two antiemetic clays use in Geophagy

Owumi

Oyelere

2015

Toxicology Reports

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Nausea is usually associated with early to late stages of pregnancy. Geophagy-deliberate consumption of soil is a common method of managing gravidae-induced discomfort. To control nausea, pregnant women in Nigeria commonly eat baked clay called “Eko” and another type of clay that induces buccal constriction called “Omumu”.The metal contents in Eko and Omumu, digested under different pH conditions (acidic, alkaline and neutral), were investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICPS-OES). We identified and quantitate the elements present and speculate on their potential impact on maternal and fetal health upon gestational exposure beyond the acceptable exposure levels and the Millennium Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).Specifically, our result indicates unacceptably high levels of aluminum in Eko and Omumu (>10-fold greater than the highest desirable levels set by the USEPA). The aluminum concentrations were influenced by the pH condition in which the samples were digested. Dietary exposure to aluminum at such high levels may be deleterious to maternal health and fetal development. Therefore consumption of Eko and Omumu as an antidote to reduce nausea during pregnancy should be discouraged. Future studies are planned to investigate specific impacts on fetal and maternal health and likely teratogenicity in rodent models.

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