Pregnancy specific anxiety: an under‐recognized problem

Chandra, Prabha S.; Nanjundaswamy, Madhuri H

doi:10.1002/wps.20781

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is possible that antenatal COVID-19 anxiety might have a mediating influence between these variables and generalized anxiety and is an area for further study. Interestingly, Chandra and Nanjundaswamy (2020) have noted that the LAMIC and the high income countries have distinct predictors of PSA. While, lower education, lower income and nulliparity were associated with the risk of PSA in high income countries, only perceived stress, active depression and the size of the household determined PSA in LAMIC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the rates of certain anxiety disorders are more common in pregnant women compared to the general population ( Viswasam et al, 2019 ). Moreover, a form of anxiety that is specifically related to worries and fears about pregnancy, childbirth (tocophobia), infant health and parenting– the “pregnancy specific anxiety (PSA)” has also been recognized ( Chandra and Nanjundaswamy, 2020 ). Strained marital relationship, perceived lack of social support and violence during pregnancy, lower education and unemployment have been identified as risk factors for anxiety disorders during pregnancy ( Kalra et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in India − A multicentric study

Tikka

Parial²,

Pattojoshi

et al. 2021

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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While higher anxiety during antenatal period cause several maternal and foetal health related complications, lower anxiety levels are found to be associated with lesser “precautionary behaviours” and consequently greater risk of infection, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to assess rates and determinants of generalized anxiety at the time of the pandemic as well as anxiety that was specific to the context of being pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic. (COVID-19-antenatal anxiety) in Indian women. This hospital-based, cross-sectional study using face-to-face interviews was conducted at antenatal clinics of five medical college hospitals in India. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD −7) and a customized scale to assess antenatal COVID-19 anxiety along with other tools that assessed social support and COVID-19-risk perception were administered to 620 pregnant women. We found that the percentage of women with moderate or severe anxiety based on GAD −7 was 11.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that higher COVID-19-risk perception, greater antenatal COVID-19 anxiety and lower perceived support significantly predicted moderate and severe generalized anxiety. Greater number of weeks of gestation, lower education, semiurban habitat and lower perceived social support were significant predictors of antenatal COVID-19 anxiety. We conclude that the rates of anxiety in pregnant women though not very high, still warrant attention and specific interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in India − A multicentric study

Tikka

Parial²,

Pattojoshi

et al. 2021

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

Self Cite

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“…Several studies have been carried out so far in order to identify the prevalence of personal or social factors protecting people from developing mental disorders during the pandemic [41][42][43][44][45][46]. In particular, studies have been focused on the perceived levels of stress, resilience, and coping strategies related to COVID-19 in the general population [47,48], in older adults [45,49], in pregnant women [50][51][52][53], in college students [54], in children and adolescents [55,56], and in mental health professionals [57,58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is the Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies on the Mental Health of the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Results from the Italian Multicentric COMET Study

et al. 2021

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The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health are now well documented, however, few studies have been focused on the role of coping strategies and resilience in counterbalancing these detrimental effects. Data are derived from the COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET), a national multicentric trial carried out in the Italian general population. The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants, 53.1% (n = 11,000) of the sample reported low levels of resilience. Adaptive coping strategies and resilience levels did not have any significant protective impact on the levels of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Only self-distraction was a risk factor for poor mental health (Beta Coefficient, B = 0.1, 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.003 to 0.267 for stress symptoms; B = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.077 to 0.324 for anxiety symptoms and B = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.105 to 0.382 for depressive symptoms). High levels of resilience were predicted by adaptive coping strategies, such as acceptance (B = 1.8, CI 95% = 1.4–2.7). Exposure to the different weeks of lockdown, being infected by COVID-19, and being a healthcare professional did not influence the levels of resilience. Our findings should be carefully considered, since the low levels of resilience may represent the missing link between the pandemic and the current increase in mental health problems.

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“…Prior to the pandemic, research has established that pregnant women experience anxiety and depressive symptoms, estimated to be as high as 15–40%, across all trimesters. [ 13 ]. In a recent review by Shorey et al [ 14 ], the pooled prevalence of antenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms during COVID-19 period were reported to be high (40% and 27%, respectively), although most of these studies were based in high income countries and Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic among Caregivers of Young Children in Kenya’s Urban Informal Settlements. A Cross-Sectional Telephone Survey

Kabue

Chongwo

Mabrouk

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The emergence of COVID-19 has profoundly affected mental health, especially among highly vulnerable populations. This study describes mental health issues among caregivers of young children and pregnant women in three urban informal settlements in Kenya during the first pandemic year, and factors associated with poor mental health. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 845 participants. Survey instruments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, and questions on the perceived COVID-19 effects on caregiver wellbeing and livelihood. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and univariate and multivariate analysis. Caregivers perceived COVID-19 as a threatening condition (94.54%), affecting employment and income activities (>80%). Caregivers experienced discrimination (15.27%) and violence (12.6%) during the pandemic. Levels of depression (34%), general anxiety (20%), and COVID-19 related anxiety (14%) were highly prevalent. There were significant associations between mental health outcomes and economic and socio-demographic factors, violence and discrimination experiences, residency, and perceptions of COVID-19 as a threatening condition. Caregivers high burden of mental health problems highlights the urgent need to provide accessible mental health support. Innovative and multi-sectoral approaches will be required to maximize reach to underserved communities in informal settlements and tackle the root causes of mental health problems in this population.

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Pregnancy specific anxiety: an under‐recognized problem

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in India − A multicentric study

Anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in India − A multicentric study

What Is the Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies on the Mental Health of the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Results from the Italian Multicentric COMET Study

Mental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic among Caregivers of Young Children in Kenya’s Urban Informal Settlements. A Cross-Sectional Telephone Survey

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