Pregnancy-specific elevations in fecal concentrations of estradiol, testosterone and progesterone in the domestic dog ( )

Gudermuth, Diane F.; Concannon, P W; Daels, Peter; Lasley, Bill L.

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00131-9

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Progesterone metabolites in pregnant and nonpregnant animals were comparable in our study. This is in agreement with studies on plasma progesterone in other bears species [13,15,33,34], but contrasts the finding of fecal progesterone metabolites in the dog, in which pregnant animals excreted higher concentrations than nonpregnant animals [27]. The length of the luteal phase seems to be similar in pregnant and nonpregnant sun bears.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Fecal steroid analysis for monitoring reproduction in the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)

Schwarzenberger

Fredriksson

Schaller³

et al. 2004

Theriogenology

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Fecal steroid analyses were conducted on captive (n ¼ 10) and free-ranging (n ¼ 2) sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) in order to establish a noninvasive technique for monitoring endocrine profiles during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Secondly, the effect of the contraceptive porcine zona pellucida protein (PZP) on reproductive function was studied. Finally, we investigated whether the sun bear, naturally living in the aseasonal tropical forests of Southeast Asia, is a seasonal breeder. Fecal samples were collected over periods of 7-48 months in captive untreated (n ¼ 8) and PZP-treated (n ¼ 2) female sun bears. In addition samples were collected over a period of 12 months from radio-collared free-ranging females (n ¼ 2) in their natural habitat in Indonesian Borneo. Androgens, precursors of estrogens, were found to be reliable indicators of the follicular phase, whereas estrogens were found unsuitable. Pregnanediol assay was found to be a reliable indicator of luteal function. Results indicate that sun bears are polyestrous, nonseasonal breeders. Interestrus intervals in nonpregnant animals (n ¼ 2), which were monitored for 27 months, were between 140 and 216 days. Luteal phases (89:6 AE 3:7 days; n ¼ 9) were preceded by androgen peaks of 15:2 AE 1:0 days (n ¼ 10). Hormonal profiles of two females treated with PZP indicated missing ovarian activity in one, and persistent follicular and luteal activity in another animal. However, extended periods of missing ovarian, and persistent follicular and luteal activity were also observed in other sun bears studied. #

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In other carnivore species, i.e. the domestic dog, luteal phases were monitored analyzing fecal progesterone metabolites [27,28], whereas the pregnanediol assay used in our study on sun bears was found to be less suitable [28]. Additionally, in the dog, androgen metabolites are excreted into the feces during the follicular phase [27,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fecal steroid analysis for monitoring reproduction in the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)

Schwarzenberger

Fredriksson

Schaller³

et al. 2004

Theriogenology

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“…It remains to be determined if the monitoring of longitudinal profiles would be useful as a diagnostic tool for pregnancy in this species. In domestic dogs, it has been shown that there is a quantitative pregnancy-specific difference in fecal progestin metabolite concentrations [10]. Additionally, we demonstrated for the first time that mean progestin concentrations during the second half of gestation in pregnant females that successfully raised pups were higher than those of females that lost their pups within a few days after delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…This confirms the validity of the enzyme immunoassay procedures for monitoring reproductive ovarian activity in the maned wolf. Similar to the domestic dog [8][9][10], African wild dog [17], gray wolf [18], and red wolf [16], sexual receptivity and ovulation in the maned wolf occurred in the presence of declining estrogen and rapidly rising progestins, reproductive characteristics that are highly conserved among Canidae. The preovulatory progestin rise was most likely due to early follicular luteinization [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of fecal gonadal hormone metabolites in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

et al. 2006

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Female testosterone, dominance rank, and aggression in an Ethiopian population of hybrid baboons

Beehner

Phillips‐Conroy

Whitten

2005

American J Primatol

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Studies on the relationship between female testosterone (T) measures and behavior, particularly in free-ranging primate populations, remain scant. In this study we used fecal steroid analysis to examine the effects of seasonal, reproductive, and social factors on female T in a group of free-ranging hybrid baboons (Papio sp.) in the Awash National Park of Ethiopia. We collected behavioral and hormonal data from 25 adult females across an 11-month period. Solid phase extraction and radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques were used to quantify T in 776 fecal samples collected weekly from each female. The results indicate that 1) the females had elevated T during pregnancy and during the wet season relative to other periods, 2) female dominance rank was positively related to T measures, and 3) female T and aggression were positively related within subjects but not across subjects. Higher T concentrations during pregnancy are consistent with other published profiles of pregnancy in primates. In combination with data on foraging, wet season increases in T may indicate contest competition for females. The rank-T relationship may be mediated by supplants or aggression. Finally, we discuss the different interpretations of the hormone-behavior relationship based on within- and across-subject analyses.

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Pregnancy-specific elevations in fecal concentrations of estradiol, testosterone and progesterone in the domestic dog ( )

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Fecal steroid analysis for monitoring reproduction in the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)

Fecal steroid analysis for monitoring reproduction in the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)

Patterns of fecal gonadal hormone metabolites in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Female testosterone, dominance rank, and aggression in an Ethiopian population of hybrid baboons

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