Pregnancy weight gain from 1960s to 2000 in Finland

Kinnunen, Tarja I.; Luoto, Riitta; Gissler, Mika; Hemminki, Elina

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802471

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…23 No Danish data for trend in GWG are available to quantify the potential contribution of GWG to the obesity epidemic, but a Finnish study reported an approximately 1 kg increase in mean GWG from the 1960s to the mid-1980s. 24 If this is associated with an 8% increase in obesity prevalence, as suggested by this study, we find this of great public health relevance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…All childhood BMI measurements were transformed to BMI Z-scores (BMI-Z), using the British 1990 growth references 20 for gender and exact age. For adults (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) and 42 years), internal sex-specific BMI-Z was created to compare the results with those obtained in children. Analyses, including BMI at the draft board (16-23 years) and the first adult follow-up examination (20-34 years), were adjusted for current age.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood

et al. 2009

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Objective: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with childhood obesity. We analyzed whether this effect persists into adulthood and is mediated by effects in childhood. Design: The design of the study a prospective birth cohort study established in [1959][1960][1961]. Subjects: The subjects were offspring (n ¼ 4234 of whom 2485 had information from the last follow-up) of mothers included in 'The Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort' during pregnancy or at birth. Measurements: Information on maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG and several potential confounders were collected around delivery. Information on offspring BMI was available from various follow-up examinations from 1 to 42 years of age. The association of GWG with offspring BMI was analyzed by regression models including confounders. Using path analysis, the association of GWG with adult BMI was disentangled into an association mediated through childhood BMI and one independent hereof. Results: GWG was associated with offspring BMI at all ages. At the age of 42 years (n ¼ 1540), there was an increasing risk of obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.14 per kg GWG, P ¼ 0.003). Only half of the association of GWG on offspring adult BMI was mediated through birth weight and BMI up to 14 years of age. Conclusion: Greater GWG is associated with an increased BMI in childhood through adulthood and with an increased risk of obesity in adults. Only part of the association with adult BMI is mediated by childhood BMI, suggesting that excessive GWG induces a persisting susceptibility to obesogenic environments. As GWG is greater in women with small pre-pregnancy body weight, this implies a reinforcement of the obesity epidemic in the next generation. Our findings provide support for avoiding excessive GWG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood

et al. 2009

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“…Age distributions between these series were not equal, owing to an observed increase in median ages from 1983 to 2001. This is probably due to the increasing mean age of Finnish pregnant women [13]. Because of these observed differences, the series were further separated into the following age groups: less than 25 years, 25–30 and over 30.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Trends in Allergic Sensitisation and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Prevalence in Finnish Pregnant Women

Seiskari

Viskari²,

Kaila

et al. 2009

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: An increase in the prevalence of allergic conditions has been documented in Finland, correlating with the diminishing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infections. We investigated whether the increase of allergic sensitisation still continues and correlates with the prevalence of H. pylori infections. Methods: The sera from 958 pregnant women in 1983, 1989, 1995 and 2001 were analysed for the presence of antibodies against H. pylori. In addition, allergen-specific IgE antibodies and total levels of IgE antibodies were measured. Results: A clear birth cohort effect was found in the prevalence of allergic sensitization: allergen-specific IgE was more frequent among recent birth cohorts than earlier ones (p = 0.001). The frequency of H. pylori antibodies followed the opposite trend (p < 0.001) and the increase in allergic sensitisation was only seen among H. pylori-negative women. A modest increase was also seen in allergic sensitisation between the 4 time series among the H. pylori-negative subjects (p = 0.04). Total IgE levels did not differ between birth cohorts or time series. Conclusion: The results suggest that hygiene-related environmental factors have played a role in the increase of allergic sensitisation during the last decades.

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“…[4][5][6][7] Both mean GWG and the proportions of high GWG have been found to be increasing over time in industrialised countries. 3,8,9 Several non-modifiable factors influence GWG: e.g. pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, height, parity and socio-economic status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and gestational weight gain: a meta-analysis of intervention trials

Streuling

Beyerlein

Rosenfeld

et al. 2010

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &Amp; Gynaecology

182

162

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Background High gestational weight gain (GWG) has been found to be associated with a number of adverse perinatal and long-term outcomes.Objectives We aimed to perform a systematic review and metaanalysis to find out whether physical activity in pregnancy might help avoid high GWG.Search strategy A literature search in relevant databases and an additional search by hand through bibliographies of various publications were performed.Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials on healthy women, with increased physical activity as the only intervention. GWG had to be documented for the intervention and control group separately.Data collection and analysis Two reviewers independently extracted data and performed quality assessment. Data from the included trials were combined using a random-effects model. The effect size was expressed as mean difference (MD).Main results Of 1380 studies identified, 12 trials met the inclusion criteria. In seven trials, GWG was lower in the exercise group compared with the control group, whereas five trials showed a lower GWG in the control groups. The meta-analysis resulted in an MD of GWG of )0.61 (95% CI: )1.17, )0.06), suggesting less GWG in the intervention groups compared with the control groups. We found no indication for publication bias or dose effects.Author's conclusions In summary, our analyses suggest that physical activity during pregnancy might be successful in restricting GWG.

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Pregnancy weight gain from 1960s to 2000 in Finland

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood

Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood

Time Trends in Allergic Sensitisation and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Prevalence in Finnish Pregnant Women

Physical activity and gestational weight gain: a meta-analysis of intervention trials

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