Pregnant women and infants against the infection risk of COVID-19: a review of prenatal and postnatal symptoms, clinical diagnosis, adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, and available treatments

Khedmat, Leila; Mohaghegh, Pegah; Veysizadeh, Maryam; Hosseinkhani, Azadeh; Fayazi, Sedigheh; Mirzadeh, Monirsadat

doi:10.1007/s00404-021-06325-y

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In addition, pregnant women were faced with limitations that were related to the involvement of family in the delivery of the child (the child’s father cannot participate in the delivery), and the possible separation of the child from the mother, without the possibility of breastfeeding in the event of one of them contracting the virus [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Pregnant women were even more acutely exposed to problems that were related to mental health hazards, such as stress, anxiety, and depression [ 26 , 39 ], and they required special protection against COVID-19 [ 40 ]. Previous studies have shown that such serious threats as natural disasters, armed conflicts, or sudden and unforeseen situations increase the frequency of mental health problems among pregnant women [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Mediating Effect of Resiliency on Prenatal Depression Symptoms

Studniczek¹,

Kossakowska

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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The COVID-19 pandemic in Poland brought uncertainty, not only to the general population but also to women preparing for childbirth, which increased the risk of mental health illnesses during this special period of life. Resilience, which refers to positive adaptation or the ability to maintain good mental health, can be a protective factor against the development of psychiatric problems such as depressive symptoms. This study aimed to assess the protective role of resilience in the relationship of such risk factors as traumatic childbirth perception and pandemic-related pregnancy stress with prenatal depressive symptoms. The study was performed at the end of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 80 pregnant women took part. A mediation analysis, an independent t-test, and a Pearson correlation analysis were conducted. The lower resilience group declared the inclusion of slightly more participants (n = 41; 51.2%); 39 women (48.8%) demonstrated a higher risk of prenatal depression. The analysis revealed a significant direct effect between pandemic-related stress and prenatal depression (βc = 0.285, SE = 0.05, t = 2.63, p < 0.05) as well as between pandemic-related stress and resilience (βa = −0.283, SE = 0.07, t = −2.61, p < 0.05) and between resilience and prenatal depression (βb = −0.585, SE = 0.07, t = −6.34, p < 0.001). After the introduction of resilience as a mediator, the strength of the relationship not only decreased, but also ceased to be statistically significant (βc′ = 0.120, SE = 0.04, t = 1.29, p = 0.19), which indicates that it was in a full mediation state (R2 = 0.39, F = 25.31, p < 0.001; Z = 2.43, p < 0.05). The results indicate that in pregnant women, a high level of resilience protects them from the effects of pandemic-related stress on perinatal depression symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Mediating Effect of Resiliency on Prenatal Depression Symptoms

Studniczek¹,

Kossakowska

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant women is more severe compared to their non-pregnant counterparts especially in the third trimester of pregnancy, with an increased risk of hospital admission, preterm birth, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mechanical ventilation, and even death [ 1 – 4 ]. Pregnant women with Covid-19 as compared to healthy pregnant women have also higher risk of severe maternal and fetal complications: preeclampsia and thrombosis, preterm delivery, cesarean delivery (CD), mechanical ventilation, ICU admissions, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and maternal and neonatal death [ 5 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 third vaccination during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal outcomes—a retrospective study

Rottenstreich

Rotem

Wiener-Well

et al. 2022

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Purpose To evaluate the impact of Covid-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2) third booster dose vaccination during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods This is a multicenter, retrospective computerized database study. Parturients who delivered in Israel between August and December 2021 with full records of Covid-19 disease and vaccination status were included. Those who received third booster during pregnancy were compared to those who received two doses of vaccine during pregnancy and to unvaccinated parturients. Various adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Parturients who were previously positive with Covid-19 PCR swabs during pregnancy or before pregnancy were excluded. Univariate analysis was followed by multivariate analysis. Results A total of 2583 women were included in the analysis; 626 received the third booster dose of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine, 1094 received two doses of the vaccine, and 863 unvaccinated women. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the study groups. An adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that receiving the third booster was not associated with an increase in neither composite adverse maternal or neonatal outcome (aOR 0.9; 95% CI [0.65–1.22], p = 0.47; aOR 0.7; 95% CI [0.53–1.035], p = 0.09, respectively) when compared to those who received two doses of the vaccine. However, administration of the third booster dose during pregnancy was associated with a reduced composite adverse neonatal outcome when compared to unvaccinated women (aOR 0.6; 95% CI [0.42–0.86], p = 0.01). Conclusion Receiving the third booster dose of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of any adverse maternal outcomes and may be beneficial for the neonates.

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“…Khedmat et al [ 22 ] report that in some newborns of positive mothers, high levels of Immunoglobulin M have been found within 2 h of birth, suggesting that in some cases an in utero infection with this virus is possible. There are reassuring results which indicate that vertical mother-to-child transmission rarely affected mortality and had a favorable evolution [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the few studies that provide data from fetuses testing positive, it is not known exactly whether it occurs before, during, or after birth. Breast milk showed no trace of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, so this does not appear to be a mechanism of transmission [ 22 , 24 , 27 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. There are few studies that provide data on the impact of COVID-19 on the fetus, but it appears to be limited as non-specific infectivity test results have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Pregnant Women, Maternal—Fetal Involvement, and Vertical Mother-to-Child Transmission: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Pregnant women are included in the COVID-19 risk groups even if they do not have any pathology. This requires an analysis of research focused on pregnant women to understand the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on their condition. There is also a need to know whether there is vertical mother-to-child transmission, as well as other consequences in case the pregnant woman is infected and COVID-19 positive. A systematic review was carried out to analyze the existing information on the complications of a pregnant woman infected with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the possibility of vertical transmission from mother to child, registered in the PROSPERO website and searched in the PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Finally, 22 articles were included in the review. The review suggests that vertical transmission from mother to child could be exceptionally possible at the time of delivery or breastfeeding, but not through the placenta. It is interesting to point out the good acceptance of vaccination by pregnant women, which may be the reason for the low infectivity. Further research on pregnant women should be carried out to provide evidence on vertical mother-to-child transmission and the role of breast milk in relation to SARS-CoV-2.

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Pregnant women and infants against the infection risk of COVID-19: a review of prenatal and postnatal symptoms, clinical diagnosis, adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, and available treatments

Cited by 11 publications

References 98 publications

Experiencing Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Mediating Effect of Resiliency on Prenatal Depression Symptoms

Experiencing Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Mediating Effect of Resiliency on Prenatal Depression Symptoms

Covid-19 third vaccination during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal outcomes—a retrospective study

COVID-19 in Pregnant Women, Maternal—Fetal Involvement, and Vertical Mother-to-Child Transmission: A Systematic Review

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