Preimaginal Stages of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): An Invasive Pest on Ash Trees (Fraxinus)

Chamorro, María Lourdes; Volkovitsh, M. G.; Poland, Therese M.; Haack, Robert A.; Lingafelter, Steven W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033185

Cited by 65 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The bark was peeled from the logs, and larvae were extracted in November 2011. All recovered larvae had reached the "J"-stage, as characterized by Chamorro et al [38]. Six of thirteen infested A. planipennis larvae had successfully developed in black ash, and five were extracted without injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Logs were again held outdoors and were peeled between 30 December 2013 and 27 March 2014 to extract larvae. All larvae were noted as early (first-third) instar or fourth instar (including the "J-stage"), whether or not a larva was recovered without injury, based on descriptions provided by Chamorro et al [38]. The proportions of individuals that were fourth instars were compared between hosts in the same year and within the same host between years by using a z-test of proportions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modest Effects of Host on the Cold Hardiness of Emerald Ash Borer †

Christianson

Venette

2018

Forests

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Abstract:The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is invading North America and Europe but has not yet reached its ultimate distribution. Geographic differences in host availability and winter temperatures might affect where this species will occur. In central North America, black ash (Fraxinus nigra) is more abundant than green ash (F. pennsylvanica) at northern latitudes, but much of our current understanding of A. planipennis cold tolerance is based on observations of overwintering larvae from green ash. The effects of black and green ash on the cold hardiness of A. planipennis larvae were measured over three winters. Supercooling point, the temperature at which insect bodily fluids spontaneously begin to freeze, was marginally greater for larvae from artificially-infested black ash than green ash in one trial, but not in three others. Host species also did not consistently affect mortality rates after larval exposure to subzero temperatures, but larvae from black ash were less cold hardy than larvae from green ash when there were differences. Comparisons of mortality rates among chilled (unfrozen) and frozen larvae indicated that overwintering A. planipennis larvae are primarily freeze avoidant, and this cold tolerance strategy is unaffected by host. All of our studies suggest that A. planipennis larvae from black ash are not more cold hardy that larvae from green ash. Where temperatures annually decline below~−30 • C, overwintering morality may substantially affect the population dynamics and future impacts from this invasive alien species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modest Effects of Host on the Cold Hardiness of Emerald Ash Borer †

Christianson

Venette

2018

Forests

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“…and J.P.L., unpublished data). Larvae at this J-shaped stage were termed "J-larvae" by Duan et al (2010), but called "prepupae" by Chamorro et al (2012). Usually after a winter chill period, J-larvae develop into prepupae, which are visibly shorter and more cylindrical.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ambient Temperature on Egg and Larval Development of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Implications for Laboratory Rearing

et al. 2013

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The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an invasive beetle from Asia causing large scale ash (Fraxinus) mortality in North America, has been extremely difficult to rear in the laboratory because of its long life cycle and cryptic nature of immature stages. This lack of effective laboratory-rearing methods has not only hindered research into its biology and ecology, but also mass production of natural enemies for biological control of this invasive pest. Using sticks from the alternate host plant, Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsh, we characterized the stage-specific development time and growth rate of both emerald ash borer eggs and larvae at different constant temperatures (12-35 degrees C) for the purpose of developing effective laboratory-rearing methods. Results from our study showed that the median time for egg hatching decreased from 20 d at 20 degrees C to 7 d at 35 degrees C, while no emerald ash borer eggs hatched at 12 degrees C. The developmental time for 50% of emerald ash borer larvae advancing to third, fourth, and J-larval stages at 20 degrees C were 8.3, 9.1, and 12.3 wk, respectively, approximately two times longer than at 30 degrees C for the corresponding instars or stages. In contrast to 30 degrees C, however, the development times of emerald ash borer larvae advancing to later instars (from oviposition) were significantly increased at 35 degrees C, indicating adverse effects of this high temperature. The optimal range of ambient temperature to rear emerald ash borer larvae should be between 25-30 degrees C; however, faster rate of egg and larval development should be expected as temperature increases within this range.

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“…Terminology used in this work generally follows that by Alexeev (1960Alexeev ( , 1981, Volkovitsh (1979), Volkovitsh, Hawkeswood (1990), and Chamorro et al (2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D i a g n o s i s. According to recent studies (Volkovitsh, Hawkeswood, 1990;Chamorro et al, 2012) the larva corresponds to Agrilus ater assemblage (labrum with dense bristles along anterior margin, and internal surface of the maxillae densely covered with cilia). But A. ater larva has a bifurcated pronotal groove posteriorly and strongly expanded prosternal groove anteriorly.…”

Section: Agrilus Antiquus Croaticusmentioning

confidence: 96%