Prejudice against fat people: Ideology and self-interest.

Crandall, Christian S.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.882

Cited by 1,116 publications

(1,434 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Indeed, research shows that those with high levels of internalized weight 476 stigma view themselves through the fat-phobic lens that is omnipresent within Western culture 477 (Brownell, Puhl, Schwartz, & Rudd, 2005;Crandall, 1994;Puhl & Latner, 2008; Sikorski et al, 478 2011), and internalized weight stigma can contribute to harsher self-judgments, more body 479 shame, and less self-care (for a review, see Tylka et al, 2014). 480 L i k e w i s e , r e s e a r c h e r s a r e i n v e s t i g a t i n g n e w t h e o r e tical models for how weight stigma in 481…”

Section: Internalized Weight Stigma 427 I N a D D I T I O N T O T H Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Internalized weight stigma moderates eating behavior outcomes in women with high BMI participating in a healthy living program

2016

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT INTERNALIZED WEIGHT STIGMA MODERATES EATING BEHAVIOR 2 ! Abstract 36Weight stigma is a significant socio-structural barrier to reducing health disparities and 37 improving quality of life for higher weight individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the 38 impact of internalized weight stigma on eating behaviors after participating in a randomized 39 controlled trial comparing the health benefits of a weight-neutral program to a conventional 40 weight-management program for 80 community women with high body mass index (BMI > 30, 41 age range: 30-45). Programs involved 6 months of facilitator-guided weekly group meetings 42 using structured manuals. Assessments occurred at baseline, post-intervention (6 months), and 43 24-months post-randomization. Eating behavior outcome measurements included the Eating 44Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and the Intuitive Eating Scale. Intention-to-treat linear 45 mixed models were used to test for higher-order interactions between internalized weight stigma, 46 group, and time. Findings revealed significant 3-way and 2-way interactions between 47 internalized weight stigma, group, and time for disordered and adaptive eating behaviors, 48 respectively. Only weight-neutral program participants with low internalized weight stigma 49 improved global disordered eating scores. Participants from both programs with low internalized 50 weight stigma improved adaptive eating at 6 months, but only weight-neutral program 51 participants maintained changes at follow-up. Participants with high internalized weight stigma 52 demonstrated no changes in disordered and adaptive eating, regardless of program. In order to 53 enhance the overall benefit from weight-neutral approaches, these findings underscore the need 54 to incorporate more innovative and direct methods to reduce internalized weight stigma for 55 women with high BMI. 56Key Words: internalized weight stigma, disordered eating, intuitive eating, obesity, 57 health at every size, conventional weight-management 58 obesity is a pervasive stigmatization of people with a higher weight statusÑa stigmatization that 63 is on the rise among adults and children (Andreyeva, Puhl, & Brownell, 2008; Harriger, 64 Calogero, Witherington, & Smith, 2010;Latner & Stunkard, 2003). Indeed, weight 65 discrimination has been well-documented in educational, workplace, and healthcare settings 66 (e.g., Giel, Thiel, Teufel, Mayer, & Zipfel, 2010;Neumark-Sztainer, Story, & Harr...

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Section: Internalized Weight Stigma 427 I N a D D I T I O N T O T H Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Internalized weight stigma moderates eating behavior outcomes in women with high BMI participating in a healthy living program

2016

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“…Because individuals are consciously aware of and explicitly endorse negative attitudes toward overweight, we believed that both explicit and implicit measures would reveal negative attitudes toward overweight. Because overweight and obese individuals also have been shown to demonstrate explicit negative attitudes toward overweight (Crandall, 1994), we hypothesized that normal weight and overweight individuals would not differ in their explicit or implicit weight attitudes. Finally, consistent with previous research (Harris, Walters, & Waschull, 1991), we expected that women would endorse greater stigmatization of overweight compared with men.…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in implicit weight identity

Grover

Keel

Mitchell

2003

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: This study examined gender differences in explicit and implicit attitudes toward overweight and explicit and implicit weight identity. Method: Normal weight women (n ¼ 22) and men (n ¼ 20) and overweight women (n ¼ 20) and men (n ¼ 21) completed the Implicit Association Test and portions of the Eating Disorders Questionnaire. Results: Although explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes were ubiquitous, gender differences emerged for weight identity. Both men and women provided accurate explicit appraisals of their weight status. However, men implicitly identified themselves as light regardless of actual weight status. Women's implicit weight identity was associated with their actual weight status, explicit weight appraisal, and implicit self-esteem. Discussion: These findings may provide additional insight into why men are underrepresented among those seeking weight loss and why women are at increased risk for developing eating disorders.

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“…38 Such findings suggest that society tends to overemphasize and use weight as a meritbased cue for women more than men, 39,40 although there are some moderators of this effect (eg, race of the evaluator, antifat attitudes). [41][42][43][44] It does not seem to be the case, however, that men are unaffected, 45 but they are often omitted from research studies. 46,47 Thus, we include men in our investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighing the care: patients' perceptions of physician care as a function of gender and weight

Hebl

Mason

2003

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:To examine patients' reports of the level of care that they receive from their physicians, and determine the influence of weight and gender in these reports. DESIGN: In a four-cell design, male and female, overweight and nonoverweight patients reported on the medical care that they received immediately following their appointment. SUBJECTS: A total of 125 patients affiliated to one of four large clinics in the Texas Medical Center of Houston completed this study. MEASUREMENTS:Patients reported the positivity of the care that they received, the time that physicians spent with them, and the extent to which physicians discussed weight-related topics with them. RESULTS: Overweight patients, as a whole, did not report poorer levels of care than did their thinner counterparts. Rather, the weight and gender of the patient significantly interacted across each of the measures to reveal some divergence between male and female patients' weight-based experiences. When significant differences in reported perceptions emerged, overweight men reported deficits in care relative to average weight men (eg, physicians spent less time), whereas overweight women reported enhanced care relative to average weight women (eg, better levels of care, more topics discussed). CONCLUSION: Based on patients' reports, this study reveals that physician care may not be as influenced by patient weight as previously thought. Yet, there is a discernable impact of patients' weight on physician behavior. Overweight men, who may comprise the most at-risk population, indicate that less time is spent with them than that indicated by average weight men. While this may be alarming, overweight women do not report reductions in care. We propose that not only might physicians respond to them differently, but overweight female patients may also be engaging in denial strategies or compensatory behaviors that assure them of quality care.

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Prejudice against fat people: Ideology and self-interest.

Cited by 1,116 publications

References 87 publications

Internalized weight stigma moderates eating behavior outcomes in women with high BMI participating in a healthy living program

Internalized weight stigma moderates eating behavior outcomes in women with high BMI participating in a healthy living program

Gender differences in implicit weight identity

Weighing the care: patients' perceptions of physician care as a function of gender and weight

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