Preliminary Analysis of Burn Degree Using Non-invasive Microwave Spiral Resonator Sensor for Clinical Applications

Rangaiah, Pramod K B; Mandal, Bappaditya; Avetisyan, Erik; Chezhian, Arvind Selvan; Augustine, Bobins; Perez, Mauricio D.; Augustine, Robin

doi:10.3389/fmedt.2022.859498

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This work is very useful for the better design of epidermal microwave sensors for diagnostics. This work will be the extensive database for the microwave sensor design based on the permittivity variation versus burn degree 24 . Especially, if the sensor which detects the permittivity variation in the reported values can be compared with results and design an efficient sensor to detect actual burnt degree and depth.…”

Section: Targeted Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Characterization and Statistical Analysis of Ex-Vivo Burnt Human Skin Samples for Microwave Sensor Development

Rangaiah

Kouki²,

Dhouibi³

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Precise data acquisition, characterization, and finding the relationship between permittivity variations of human skin with degree of burns is critically important because It further helps in the development of excellent sensor devices for diagnostics and treatment of patients suffering from burns and scalds. This work is also a part of the European "Senseburn" project that focuses to develop a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the assessment of human burns based on its degree and depth in the clinical setup. In this work, several Ex-vivo burnt samples were collected from the Uppsala University Hospital (Akademiska sjukhuset, Sweden), and out of that, eight samples with different burn degrees and of various human body parts were selected for the analysis. The dielectric characterization of the categorized samples was done by using an open-end co-axial probe kit. The measurement was made systematically and clinician feedback forms were maintained throughout the process. The measurement data followed the FASTCLUS procedure which was analyzed initially using density plot, Convergence, and cubic clustering criteria respectively. The dielectric characterization was made from 500 MHz to 10 GHz with 1001 points and from the previous sensor designs, the results were found to be excellent between 500 MHz to 5 GHz. For the statistical analysis, 11 frequency points were considered for 8 samples. The results of the basic statistical analysis using the FASTCLUS procedure resulted in 88 data sets. Later, data sets were analyzed based on the cluster-wise of all samples and sample-wise clusters. Every sample was made with two clusters i.e, cluster 1 which consisted of healthy sectors, and cluster 2 which consisted of burnt sectors. Furthermore, we found that the permittivity differences of clusters are proportional to the degree of the burns. This is pivotal information and It helps to improve the functioning of the diagnostic microwave sensors by designing them according to the permittivity variations. For this purpose, an extensive campaign of around 1000 measurements across a band of 1-30 GHz was done and it leads to the conclusion that each skin region of interest (ROI) provides unique dielectric properties.

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Section: Targeted Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Characterization and Statistical Analysis of Ex-Vivo Burnt Human Skin Samples for Microwave Sensor Development

Rangaiah

Kouki²,

Dhouibi³

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…While the reflectometry approaches tend to be more targeted at the determination of skin properties [15,16] than on developing a clinically applicable tool, the imaging methods have proven to be particularly suitable for monitoring the healing process of burn wounds through dressing [8,17]. Moreover, Rangaiah et al recently presented a resonant microwave sensor for burn degree assessment [18]. But overall, resonant designs are underrepresented in the field of burn wound evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-wave imaging and near-field spectroscopy for burn wound assessment

et al. 2022

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Diagnostic applications for skin in the microwave range have developed significantly in recent years, due the non-invasiveness of these applications and their ability to assess tissue water content. Despite their capabilities, however, there is still no appropriate clinically applicable microwave tool for the assessment of burn wounds. A common practice is the visual inspection and evaluation of burns by the doctor, which is a challenging task even for experienced medical professionals. An incorrect assessment can have far-reaching consequences, such as unnecessary surgery or surgery that is necessary but omitted. In this paper, two different approaches of millimeter-wave burn wound assessment are presented: millimeter-wave imaging and near-field spectroscopy. For imaging, a MIMO sparse array was used to assess ex vivo burns on porcine skin in the frequency range of 70–80 GHz. With a resonant millimeter-wave near-field probe, reflective spectroscopy at individual sites of an ex vivo burn on porcine skin in the frequency range of 75–110 GHz was performed. The results showed individual advantages and drawbacks for both approaches, with surprising benefits of the spectroscopic method. Nevertheless, both approaches were shown to be suitable for clinical usage in diagnosing burns.

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