Preliminary Analysis of Functions of the Temporal Lobes in Monkeys

Klüver, Heinrich

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1939.02270240017001

Cited by 1,496 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our case also showed changes in eating behaviors typical of SD in general (Ikeda et al, 2002), and a tendency to orally examine all objects repeatedly and indiscriminately, as originally described in primates with bilateral anterior temporal lobe ablation (Kluver and Bucy, 1939). The combination of a marked deficit in flavor and food recognition, hyperoral behavior and changed eating habits created a particularly dramatic picture in JT, who, if not controlled, would eat floral table decorations and large quantities of butter, oil and jam by themselves.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Cognitive and Behavioral Profile in a Case of Right Anterior Temporal Lobe Neurodegeneration

Gorno‐Tempini

Rankin

Woolley

et al. 2004

Cortex

157

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INTRODUCTIONSemantic dementia (SD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of conceptual knowledge. Patients typically present in the presenium with difficulty in recalling and understanding words, and later show impairment in recognizing objects (Lambon Ralph et al., 1998Hodges et al., 1992). Surface dyslexia is also part of the SD clinical picture, as patients have greater difficulty reading words with irregular pronunciations (such as "yacht") compared to regularly spelled words (such as "context"). Within the language domain, speech, phonological and syntactic processing are usually spared. Spatial abilities, non-verbal reasoning and day-to-day episodic memory also remain relatively intact, while episodic memory is often impaired on formal testing (see Hodges and Miller, 2001). Current clinical research criteria list SD as one of the possible clinical presentations of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) (Neary et al., 1998). Neuroimaging findings in SD indicate that the anterior temporal lobe is the site of most prominent atrophy and/or hypometabolism, providing a powerful model for studying this brain region rarely hit by other neurological diseases (Mummery et al., 2000;Galton et al., 2001;Chan et al., 2001;Rosen et al., 2002a). Voxel-based Morphometry studies (VBM) and region of interest analysis on MRI scans have shown that the hippocampal/amygdala structures and the infero-lateral temporal neocortex are both significantly atrophied in SD (Chan et al., 2001;Rosen et al., 2002aRosen et al., , 2002b. It has also been shown that the ventro-medial frontal lobe and the insula are involved (Rosen et al., 2002a). The finding that orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are damaged in SD is consistent with reports that personality changes, disturbances in social behavior, and abnormalities in emotional processing can be part of the clinical syndrome.Most reported cases of semantic dementia have shown mainly left anterior temporal lobe atrophy. Thus, the classic clinical picture of SD with prominent semantic memory deficits has also been labeled as the "left temporal lobe variant"(LTLV) of FTLD (Edwards-Lee et al., 1997). Less evidence is available regarding the clinical presentation of cases with "right-temporal lobe variant" (RTLV) of FTLD. Only a few reports of RTLV cases have concentrated on describing early difficulties in processing information regarding familiar people, either as progressive disturbance in recognizing familiar faces, or as a more generalized semantic deficit for person-specific information (Gainotti et al., 2003;Barbarotto et al., 1995;Gentileschi et al., 1999;Tyrrell et al., 1990;Evans et al., 1995). In these cases, the presence of behavioral changes was sometimes mentioned, but its significance and the time of first manifestation was not reported (Gainotti et al., 2003 ABSTRACT Semantic dementia (SD) is a clinical variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) characterized by progressive deterioration of semantic memory with relative sparing of other cognitive fun...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Cognitive and Behavioral Profile in a Case of Right Anterior Temporal Lobe Neurodegeneration

Gorno‐Tempini

Rankin

Woolley

et al. 2004

Cortex

157

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“…Klüver and Bucy [86] reported a syndrome that follows bitemporal dysfunction. Among other things, this syndrome is characterized by a hyperorality, bulimia, and the ingestion of non-food items (such as tea bags, feces or even shoe polish).…”

Section: Klüver-bucy Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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• The amygdala and hippocampus play a major role in food intake and weight regulation.• These functions are far less known to cognitive and affective scientists.• This review uniquely expands on the interactions between these two brain structures. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The anterior medial temporal lobes are one of the most studied parts of the brain. Classically, their two main structures -the amygdalae and the hippocampi -have been linked to key cognitive and affective functions, related in particular to learning and memory. Based on abundant evidence, we will argue for an alternative but complementary point of view: they may also play a major role in food intake and body weight regulation. First, an overview is given of early clinical evidence in this line of thought. Subsequently, empirical evidence is presented on how food intake, including in the extreme case of obesity, may relate to amygdalian and hippocampal functioning. The focus is on the amygdala's role in processing the relevance of food stimuli, cue-induced feeding, and stress-induced eating and on the hippocampus' involvement in the use of interoceptive signals of hunger and satiety, as well as memory and inhibitory processes related to food intake. Additionally, an elaboration takes place on possible reciprocal links between food intake, body weight, and amygdala and hippocampus functioning. Finally, issues that seemed particularly critical for future research in the field are discussed.

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“…The perirhinal cortex is mainly involved in visual perception and recognition memory (Meunier et al, 1993;Murray et al, 2007) and it is tightly connected to amygdala and hippocampus, structures primarily involved in emotional (Klüver and Bucy, 1997) and memory processes (Scoville and Milner, 2000), respectively. This suggests that the perirhinal cortex may play a key role both in the phenotypic expression of depressive symptoms as well as in the antidepressant response after ECS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconvulsive shocks decrease α2-adrenoceptor binding in the Flinders rat model of depression

Lillethorup

Iversen

Fontain

et al. 2015

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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Despite years of drug development, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective treatment for severe depression. The exact therapeutic mechanism of action of ECT is still unresolved and therefore we tested the hypothesis that the beneficial effect of ECT could in part be the result of increased noradrenergic neurotransmission leading to a decrease in α 2 -adrenoceptor binding. We have previously shown that both the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) and Flinders resistant line (FRL) rats had altered α 2 -adrenoceptor binding compared to control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In this study, we treated female FSL, FRL and SD rats with electroconvulsive shock (ECS), an animal model of ECT, or sham stimulation for 10 days before brains were removed and cut into 20 mm thick sections. Densities of α 2 -adrenoceptors were measured by quantitative autoradiography in the hippocampus, thalamic nucleus, hypothalamus, amygdala, frontal cortex, insular cortex, and perirhinal cortex using the α 2 -adrenoceptor antagonist, [ 3 H]RX 821002. ECS decreased the binding of α 2 -adrenoceptors in cortical regions in the FSL and cortical and amygdaloid regions in the control FRL rats compared to their respective sham treated group. The normal SD controls showed no significant response to ECS treatment. Our data suggest that the therapeutic effect of ECS may be mediated through a decrease of α 2 -adrenoceptors, probably due to a sustained increase in noradrenaline release. These data confirm the importance of the noradrenergic system and the α 2 -adrenoceptor in depression and in the mechanism of antidepressant treatments.

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Preliminary Analysis of Functions of the Temporal Lobes in Monkeys

Cited by 1,496 publications

References 21 publications

Cognitive and Behavioral Profile in a Case of Right Anterior Temporal Lobe Neurodegeneration

Cognitive and Behavioral Profile in a Case of Right Anterior Temporal Lobe Neurodegeneration

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Electroconvulsive shocks decrease α2-adrenoceptor binding in the Flinders rat model of depression

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