Preliminary assessment of bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 in fish

Nogueira, Wesclen Vilar; Moyano, Francisco Javier; García, María Jesús Aznar; Tesser, Marcelo Borges; Garda‐Buffon, Jaqueline

doi:10.1007/s10499-022-00860-4

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…It is important to note that the spectrum of the YCW lacks carboxyl groups compared to the adsorbent derived from alfalfa leaves, which shows a prominent band at around 1599 cm −1 . It is well known that functional groups deprotonate if they are at a pH higher than their pKa [35]. In this context, the pKa of the carboxyl group is ~4.5; thus, from pH values above 4.5 the carboxyl loses the hydrogen atom; consequently, this functional group is only capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atoms of the AFB 1 molecule at pH of 2 (the proventriculus environment).…”

Section: Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Aflatoxin B1 Using Alfalfa Leaves as an Adsorbent Material: A Comparison between Two In Vitro Experimental Models

Nava-Ramírez,

Vázquez-Durán,

Figueroa-Cárdenas

et al. 2023

Toxins

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An adsorbent material derived from alfalfa leaves was prepared and further characterized, and its efficacy for removing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated. Characterization consisted of the use of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), point of zero charge (pHpzc), zeta potential (ζ-potential), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and spectral analysis. To determine the adsorption capacity against AFB1 (250 ng AFB1/mL), pH-dependent and avian intestinal in vitro models were used. The adsorbent inclusion percentage was 0.5% (w/w). In general, the pH-dependent model gave adsorption percentages of 98.2%, 99.9%, and 98.2%, evaluated at pH values of 2, 5, and 7, respectively. However, when the avian intestinal model was used, it was observed that the adsorption percentage of AFB1 significantly decreased (88.8%). Based on the characterization results, it is proposed that electrostatic, non-electrostatic, and the formation of chlorophyll-AFB1 complexes were the main mechanisms for AFB1 adsorption. From these results, it can be concluded that the adsorbent derived from alfalfa leaves could be used as an effective material for removing AFB1 in in vitro digestion models that mimic the physiological reality.

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Section: Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Aflatoxin B1 Using Alfalfa Leaves as an Adsorbent Material: A Comparison between Two In Vitro Experimental Models

Nava-Ramírez,

Vázquez-Durán,

Figueroa-Cárdenas

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…Although there is a great difference between biological properties of polyphenols observed in vitro and their bioactivity in vivo , simulations of the physiological conditions present in the digestive tract become a valuable tool that helps to reach a greater understanding on how such factors may influence potential bioavailability of phenolics ( 16 ). In vitro digestive simulations of aquatic animals have been used with different purposes; the evaluation of protein quality of feed ingredients ( 17 , 18 ), the study of factors affecting the efficiency of enzyme hydrolysis in the digestion ( 19 ) or the effect of the digestive biochemistry on toxic compounds ( 20 ). Nevertheless, to date they have not been used to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of including phenolic compounds in diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing differences in the bioaccessibility of phenolics present in two wine by-products using an in-vitro model of fish digestion

et al. 2023

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Increasing attention is currently being paid to the protective role of polyphenols in health and oxidative status in fish. For this reason, the potential use of different natural sources of such compounds, like wine by products, is under study. One key step required to gain a better understanding on the biological roles of polyphenols for a given species is to assess the different factors affecting their digestive bioaccessibility, and a great number of such studies is based in the use of in vitro digestion models. In the present study the potential digestive bioavailability of the phenolic compounds present in wine bagasse and lees was evaluated for two fish species showing great differences in their digestive phisyiology: the omnivorous gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and the herbivorous flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). The study was developed using in vitro models adapted to simulate their digestion and a factorial experimental design that simultaneously evaluated the effects of the ingredient used as source of polyphenols, presence or absence of feed matrix, fish species and digestion time. The release of the phenolic compounds was evaluated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) detection. Both the presence of feed matrix and the type of wine by-product showed a significant effect on the digestive release of both total and specific types of polyphenols while fish species showed to be significant only for some specific compounds, like eriodyctiol or syringic acid. The time of digestion was not identified as a statistically significant factor in the release of phenolic compounds due to the great variability in the patterns observed that were classified as early, sustained and late. The observed great variations in the patterns of release of different types of phenolic compounds with time suggest an important effect of gut transit rates on the net bioavailability of a given phenolic compound in the live fish. The present study is, to our knowledge, the first one on which an in vitro approach was applied to assess to what extent the possible complexation of wine polyphenols present in wine by-products with either digestive enzymes or components of the feed matrix could limit their bioaccessibility if included in diets of two different fish species.

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“…Only few studies addressed bioaccessibility. An in vitro digestion model estimated the bioaccessibility of aquafeed naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at 85% (Nogueira et al, 2020), while a customised in vitro model for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) revealed more insights about aflatoxin B1 bioaccessibility in contaminated peanut meal (Nogueira et al, 2022): depending on total digestion time (3 to 6 h), the relative amount of substrate (250 to 750 mg), and the amount of rice husk used as an adsorbent, aflatoxin B1 bioaccessibility varied from 36 to 100%. The latter study showed that bioaccessibility was increased with substrate amount and digestion time, while bioaccessibility decreased with the rice husk addition.…”

Section: What Next To Study?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in aquafeeds : The impact on rainbow trout

Koletsi¹

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In the following decade, several experimental studies were carried out that recognised the sensitivity of rainbow 13 Climate changeGlobally, climate change is manifested especially through elevated average yearly temperatures, increased CO2 levels and extreme weather conditions (drought or flood). These manifestations are all expected to affect the growth patterns of fungi and therefore the production of mycotoxins (Medina et al., 2017). This realization has led to concerns about upcoming food and feed security, and led to predictive models estimating the impact of climate change on mycotoxin production in cereals, in Europe (Van der . By the year 2040, DON contamination in wheat is expected to increase mainly in North-Western Europe, in some regions increased levels may be up to 3-fold compared to the original concentrations (van der Fels-Klerx et al., 2012a). Within the next 100 years, in a scenario of a 2 °C elevated temperature, the risk of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in corn will increase mainly in Southern regions of Europe such as Spain, Italy and the Balkans because of optimal growth conditions for Aspergillus flavus (Battilani et al., 2016). In general, as a consequence of climate change Europe may witness an extension of AFB1 distribution from tropical to previously considered temperate areas, and a similar extension of Fusarium graminearum from Southern to Central and Northern Europe (Moretti et al., 2019). For instance, in the Netherlands, the main strain of Fusarium fungi in wheat always had been F. culmorum, but after the year 2000, F. graminearum became more dominant (Waalwijk et al., 2003). In Luxembourg, a shift from F. graminearum to F. culmorum and vice versa has been reported, indicating plasticity of Fusarium strains (Beyer et al., 2014). Overall, although exact proliferations under field conditions remain unpredictable, these studies provide several different examples confirming that in times of climate change, Europe should expect an increased presence and distribution of fungi on cereals and other crops, and the associated risk of contaminations with mycotoxins. Globalization of the tradeThe globalization of trade is leading to encountering unpredictable mycotoxin patterns in imported agricultural commodities, including aquafeed (Binder et al., 2007). For the relatively cold and wet parts of Northern Europe, trade globalization increases the risk of mycotoxins, simply because aflatoxin B1 is produced by Aspergillus fungi which thrive in warm and dry climate areas. One such example for the agricultural sector occurred in the Netherlands in 2013 (Focker et al., 2021) when aflatoxin M1 was discovered in cow milk, linked to aflatoxin B1contaminated maize imported from Eastern Europe and included in the feed of the animals consumed. Although a similar clear example has not been reported for aquaculture, the aquafeed sector certainly is aware of increased risks (Gonçalves et al., 2020a). For example, in Europe, increased risks exist for soybean, with soybean meal as a typical example of an...

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Preliminary assessment of bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 in fish

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Removal of Aflatoxin B1 Using Alfalfa Leaves as an Adsorbent Material: A Comparison between Two In Vitro Experimental Models

Removal of Aflatoxin B1 Using Alfalfa Leaves as an Adsorbent Material: A Comparison between Two In Vitro Experimental Models

Assessing differences in the bioaccessibility of phenolics present in two wine by-products using an in-vitro model of fish digestion

Mycotoxins in aquafeeds : The impact on rainbow trout

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