Preliminary assessment of BTEX concentrations in indoor air of residential buildings and atmospheric ambient air in Ardabil, Iran

Preliminary Assessment of Btex Concentrations Indoor and Outdoor Air in Residential Homes in Hanoi, Vietnam

“…Among BTEXs, benzene was more stable due to longer lifetime than toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene, whereas, xylene has the shortest lifetime and did not exist long in the atmosphere [2]. These results are in line with previous studies monitored in India, Iran and China [2,10,11]. In this study, the mean levels of toluene (133.86 µg/m 3 ) and xylene (619.47 µg/m 3 ) were much higher than those in Iran and Beijing whereas concentration of benzene (8.75 µg/m 3 ) was lower in indoor samples.…”

“…For instance, concentration of benzene (6.9 µg/m . The BTEX concentration in homes located in highway, congested street seems to be affected more by air ambient which can be attribute to vehicles [10,11]. However, BTEX concentrations in such homes were significantly higher than the outdoor and the differences on concentration of BTEX were not statistically significant comparing the home located in small lane.…”

“…I/O ratios varied between BTEX compounds and was appeared more than 1, which indicated that the presence indoor sources for these compounds along with infiltration of outdoor air. Higher I/O for toluene and xylene pointed out stronger indoor sources for those VOCs [10,12]. Some factors influencing on BTEX levels were considered in this study.…”

“…In this study, the mean levels of toluene (133.86 µg/m 3 ) and xylene (619.47 µg/m 3 ) were much higher than those in Iran and Beijing whereas concentration of benzene (8.75 µg/m 3 ) was lower in indoor samples. It was reported that the BTEXs indoor were significantly dependent on type of fuel, ventilation condition, chemical reagents for cleaning and air spray, cooking style and smoking habits, BTEXs outdoor were dependent on vehicles' emission [2,3,10]. Indoor/outdoor ratios (I/O) were calculated for all samples.…”

Real-time monitoring of respiratory absorption factors of volatile organic compounds in ambient air by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry

“…Errors might be caused by moisture in exhaled air and during the collection and storage of breath samples [57][58][59]. Partly due to the difficulty in obtaining their respiratory AFs, toxic VOCs were still assumed to be totally absorbed in many studies on inhalation exposure health risk [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. Alternatively, a number of studies have instead assumed AFs of 90% for toxic VOCs [6,[21][22][23][24][69][70][71], and very recently a few studies proposed 50% or 60% as the AFs of toxic VOCs [72,73].…”