Preliminary Characterization of the Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 1 Genome

Bridgen, Anne; Herring, A. J.; Inglis, Neil F.; Reid, H.W.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-70-5-1141

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…4,5,8,9), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (animal nos. 4,5,7,9). Virus isolation by three serial passages on primary bovine embryonic kidney cells was attempted on various samples from 6 cattle (conjunctiva, thymus, spleen, kidney, and/or lymph node; animal nos.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive range of tissue samples from 4 euthanized heifers (nos. [4][5][6][7] were fixed in phosphate-buffered neutral 10% formalin or in Zenker's-acetic solution (eyes), and a limited range of tissues was collected from cow nos. 8 and 9.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 Two epidemiologic forms of MCF in cattle are recognized. The wildebeest-associated form, which occurs in Africa and in zoological collections and game farms worldwide, is caused by a T-lymphotropic gammaherpesvirus (alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 [AHV-1]) 7,10,48 Cattle become infected with AHV-1 following exposure to inapparently infected wildebeest calves, which shed cell-free virus in nasal and ocular secretions for a limited time. 2,32 In the second form of MCF, epidemiologic evidence implicates sheep as carriers of the disease agent, 35 with transmission of the sheepassociated MCF (SA-MCF) agent to cattle around the time of lambing.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Between April 3 and May 28, 7 Charolais or Charolais-cross heifers (7/84; 8.3%) and a Charolais cow (1/230; 0.4%) developed clinical signs suggestive of MCF (animal nos. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A second cow (no.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chronic Generalized Obliterative Arteriopathy in Cattle: A Sequel to Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever

O’Toole¹,

Roberts

et al. 1995

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in cattle is generally associated with a short clinical course and a high case fatality rate (90-95%). The lesions in cattle that survive acute MCF for a prolonged period or appear to recover have not been documented. In a naturally occurring outbreak of MCF in a herd of beef cattle in Wyoming, 7 of 84 yearling heifers (8.3% of replacement herd) and 2 of 230 cows (0.9% of cow herd) developed clinical signs of pyrexia, mucopurulent discharge, bilateral keratitis, and weight loss following contact with ewes that had lambed 34-62 days earlier. Six of 9 affected cattle were examined postmortem following clinical signs (CS) that developed 2-150 days earlier. Three cattle with CS for ≤ 39 days had lesions of regional lymphadenopathy and widespread severe segmental lymphoid arteritis-phlebitis that were typical of acute MCF, and proliferative intimal lesions were present in a small proportion of arteries at days 20 and 39 of CS. By contrast, 3 cattle that survived to 90, 105, and 150 days after clinical onset had distinctive arterial lesions in multiple organs, characterized by proliferative concentric fibrointimal plaques, disrupted inner elastic lamina, focally atrophic tunica media, and vasculitis of variable severity. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination of intimal plaques identified the predominant cellular component to be smooth muscle cells with a contractile phenotype. No viral structures were seen. Serologic studies, using a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) that detects antibody to an epitope broadly conserved among isolates of the MCF virus, found that 2 chronically affected cattle were serologically positive between days 42 and 100 of CS, with seroconversion in 1 animal between days 52 and 73 of CS. Seroprevalence was 7.9% in the 76 remaining healthy animals of the replacement heifer herd and 40% (75% in adult sheep and 4% in lambs) in the in-contact sheep flock 77 days after onset of CS in the index case. This episode suggests that, in addition to the common and well recognized acute form of MCF in cattle, this viral infection encompasses a disease spectrum that includes chronic disease and partial to "complete" clinical recovery, and in recovered animals chronic obliterative arteriopathy is the preeminent lesion. The MCF CI-ELISA may be helpful in identifying such cattle and in epidemiologic studies of MCF outbreaks.Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an acute fulminating disease of cattle and many wild ruminant speties. 36 The case fatality rate in susceptible species is high, 35 and the disease course is short once clinical signs (CS) develop. 36Two epidemiologic forms of MCF in cattle are recognized. The wildebeest-associated form, which occurs in Africa and in zoological collections and game farms

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Generalized Obliterative Arteriopathy in Cattle: A Sequel to Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever

O’Toole¹,

Roberts

et al. 1995

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…The analogous agent that is resident in wildebeest, known as alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AHV-1), can be readily propagated in vitro and is relatively well characterized. 2,12,13 It is classified within the herpes subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. 14 The fact that the SA agent has never been successfully propagated has hampered studies into the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of this agent.…”

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Quantitation of Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viral DNA by Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction

Yue

Crawford

1999

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract.A single-step, competitive polymerase chain reaction technique was developed to quantitate sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) viral DNA. The assay employed coamplification of a fixed quantity of target DNA with graded amounts of a competitor, generated by truncation of the target sequence lying between the 2 primer binding sites. The assay yielded a linear response (r ϭ 0.98) for DNA measurement within the range of 30-300,000 copies. Amplification efficiency analysis by coamplification of target and competitor in equal copy numbers for various numbers of cycles showed that the relative abundance of the coamplified products remained constant with increasing cycle numbers up to 40. Reproducibility was assessed by repetitively assaying a set of blind-coded samples from a variety of animals and tissues. Results indicated that the assay is reliable and reproducible for quantitation of SA-MCF viral DNA in samples from asymptomatically infected sheep and from animals with clinical SA-MCF.

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PCR detection of the sheep-associated agent of malignant catarrhal fever

Baxter

Pow

Bridgen

et al. 1993

Archives of Virology

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230

229

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From a genomic library previously constructed from a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) propagated from a bovine case of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), caused by ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2), several OHV-2 clones were identified and characterised by hybridisation using probes from the unique region of the Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AVH-1) genome. Nucleotide sequence from one clone was generated and the predicted amino acid sequence was found to contain regions of homology with the 140 and 160 kDa tegument proteins of Epstein-Barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri respectively. Oligonucleotide primers were constructed and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed for the detection of OHV-2 viral DNA. Amplified product was identified by restriction with RsaI and BmyI. The primers were highly specific for OHV-2 DNA with a limit of detection of 6.4 pg of genomic DNA derived from the parent LCL. This was estimated to correspond to one diploid bovine cell. The PCR was successfully applied to detect OHV-2 DNA in peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) from clinical cases of SA-MCF and normal sheep.

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Preliminary Characterization of the Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 1 Genome

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Chronic Generalized Obliterative Arteriopathy in Cattle: A Sequel to Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Chronic Generalized Obliterative Arteriopathy in Cattle: A Sequel to Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Quantitation of Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viral DNA by Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction

PCR detection of the sheep-associated agent of malignant catarrhal fever

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