“…Malay is the national language of Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, and Singapore. It is also spoken by Malay individuals residing in other parts of Southeast Asia, including Southern Thailand, the Philippines, Central Eastern Sumatra, Riau Islands, and parts of the coast of Borneo (Razak, Madison, Siow, & Aziz, 2010). In this region, English either serves as a second language or used limitedly in instances related to diplomacy, tourism, and foreign trade (Hashim & Low, 2014).…”