The airports construction level is improved and the construction scale is constantly expanded with the rapid development of society, economy and science and technology, which brings a good development prospect for aircraft towing tractors. On the basis of summarizing the current research and application of aircraft towing tractors, the traction characteristics of towbar and towbarless aircraft tractors were analyzed, and the mechanical, electric, hydrodynamic and hydraulic transmission automatic control system were compared. The composition, working principle and application of hydraulic steering control system, hydraulic braking control system, hydraulic clamping and lifting mechanism and hydraulic hybrid power system of aircraft towing tractors were emphatically discussed. The results show that the configuration of towbarless traction is flexible and the traction capability is strong. Hydraulically controlled aircraft towing tractor has good traction, braking and control characteristics. Electronic hydraulic braking system is precisely controllable, and the hydraulic hybrid technology is beneficial to reduce the energy consumption of aircraft towing tractors. The demand for aircraft towing tractors is increasing with the expansion of the airport distribution and construction, on the basis of constantly improving the existing aircraft towing tractor and according to the needs of airport operation, it is necessary to adopt innovative technology to develop energy-saving, environment-friendly and intelligent aircraft towing tractors, so as to adapt the development needs of aviation industry.