Preliminary estimates of the direct costs associated with endemic diseases of livestock in Great Britain

Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds

“…Modelling-simulation steps are then applied to these data to calculate the production effects and/or the economic consequences [1,25,26,44]. Sometimes variation in the occurrence of mastitis, technical production effects and economic effects are all simulated [13,68]. Complete validation of the simulation tools can sometimes become problematic, due to the absence of the needed data to conduct a goodness-of-fit procedure.…”

“…This technique allows consideration of transient situations and costs [12,13,58]. Linear programming and dynamic programming techniques have been implemented several times in economic models applied to farm management and sometimes to mastitis control: recently, by Houben et al [35] and Zepeda et al [68].…”

“…This was 38% of the total impact of common clinical health problems in a group of 90 dairy farms from the United Kingdom in 1995 [38]. Also for UK conditions, losses were assessed reaching 121 Million £ for a mid-incidence level for mastitis (50%) at the country level, by Bennett et al [13].…”

Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for bacteriological status of the udder, somatic cell score, and milk yield in dairy sheep using a threshold animal model

“…Mastitis is one of the major diseases in dairy ewes and cows, which leads to economic losses, mainly due to discarded milk, reduced milk production and quality, early culling, and increased health care costs in both dairy ewes (Leitner et al, 2003(Leitner et al, , 2004 and cows (i.e., Bennett et al, 1999;Wellenberg et al, 2002). Mastitis has therefore motivated extensive research towards improved udder sanitation and mastitis control (El-Saied et al, 1998).…”

Major Role for CD8+T Cells in the Protection Against Toxoplasma gondii Following Dendritic Cell Vaccination

“…3 Toxoplasma gondii is also recognized as being a major cause of abortion in farm animals, such as sheep and goats thus causing substantial reproductive and economic losses. 4 Additionally, these infected animals are a parasitic reservoir involved in human contamination. Recently it has been reported that Toxoplasma gondii has some degree of causal relation to Schizophrenia 5 because of the positive relationships between the prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies and the development of schizophrenia.…”