Preliminary evaluation of fecal fatty acid concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease and correlation with indoxyl sulfate and p‐cresol sulfate

Summers, Stacie; Quimby, Jessica M.; Phillips, Robert; Stockman, J.A.; Isaiah, Anitha; Lidbury, Jonathan A.; Steiner, Jöerg M.; Suchodolski, Jan S.

doi:10.1111/jvim.15634

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Similarly, increased TMAO is associated with a poorer prognosis in CKD of people, likely due to its contribution to progressive renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis as shown in animal models 101 . Other gut‐derived uremic metabolites, such as branched‐chain fatty acids, p‐cresol (microbial breakdown of tyrosine and phenylalanine), and indoxyl‐sulfate (from tryptophan), have also been associated with CKD in cats 12,104 . Future studies are warranted to understand which bacterial taxa are the main producer of these metabolites and whether dietary modulation (decrease of substrate) or direct microbiota modulation (eg, fiber, probiotics) might be used therapeutically.…”

Section: Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats

Suchodolski

2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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The gut microbiome is an important immune and metabolic organ. Intestinal bacteria produce various metabolites that influence the health of the intestine and other organ systems, including kidney, brain, and heart. Changes in the microbiome in diseased states are termed dysbiosis. The concept of dysbiosis is constantly evolving and includes changes in microbiome diversity and/or structure and functional changes (eg, altered production of bacterial metabolites). Molecular tools are now the standard for microbiome analysis. Sequencing of microbial genes provides information about the bacteria present and their functional potential but lacks standardization and analytical validation of methods and consistency in the reporting of results. This makes it difficult to compare results across studies or for individual clinical patients. The Dysbiosis Index (DI) is a validated quantitative PCR assay for canine fecal samples that measures the abundance of seven important bacterial taxa and summarizes the results as one single number. Reference intervals are established for dogs, and the DI can be used to assess the microbiome in clinical patients over time and in response to therapy (eg, fecal microbiota transplantation). In situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry allows the identification of mucosa‐adherent and intracellular bacteria in animals with intestinal disease, especially granulomatous colitis. Future directions include the measurement of bacterial metabolites in feces or serum as markers for the appropriate function of the microbiome. This article summarizes different approaches to the analysis of gut microbiota and how they might be applicable to research studies and clinical practice in dogs and cats.

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Section: Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats

Suchodolski

2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…Considering that feces constitute the main media for eliminating metabolic products, these are an important source of information about the internal homeostasis ( 17 ). The reason for testing changes in VOCs in feces is based on the common assumption that any abnormality in the activity or composition of the intestinal microbiota and in the whole organism may alter the odor of this matrix ( 1 ), which is supported by studies from both human ( 93 – 96 ) and animal medicine ( 97 – 100 ). Consequently, examination of volatile fecal emission could be a very useful non-invasive diagnostic approach ( 1 ).…”

Section: Biological Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Volatilome Analysis to the Diagnosis of Mycobacteria Infection in Livestock

et al. 2021

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small molecular mass metabolites which compose the volatilome, whose analysis has been widely employed in different areas. This innovative approach has emerged in research as a diagnostic alternative to different diseases in human and veterinary medicine, which still present constraints regarding analytical and diagnostic sensitivity. Such is the case of the infection by mycobacteria responsible for tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock. Although eradication and control programs have been partly managed with success in many countries worldwide, the often low sensitivity of the current diagnostic techniques against Mycobacterium bovis (as well as other mycobacteria from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis together with other hurdles such as low mycobacteria loads in samples, a tedious process of microbiological culture, inhibition by many variables, or intermittent shedding of the mycobacteria highlight the importance of evaluating new techniques that open different options and complement the diagnostic paradigm. In this sense, volatilome analysis stands as a potential option because it fulfills part of the mycobacterial diagnosis requirements. The aim of the present review is to compile the information related to the diagnosis of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock through the analysis of VOCs by using different biological matrices. The analytical techniques used for the evaluation of VOCs are discussed focusing on the advantages and drawbacks offered compared with the routine diagnostic tools. In addition, the differences described in the literature among in vivo and in vitro assays, natural and experimental infections, and the use of specific VOCs (targeted analysis) and complete VOC pattern (non-targeted analysis) are highlighted. This review emphasizes how this methodology could be useful in the problematic diagnosis of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock and poses challenges to be addressed in future research.

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“…SCFAs, including butyrate, provide several important functions such as serving as a major energy source for colonocytes [55]), protecting the integrity of the intestinal barrier [56,57], and inhibiting histone deacetylases, thus modulating oncologic and inflammatory functions [58]. While BCFAs have some beneficial properties as well, fecal isovaleric acid levels were significantly higher in cats with CKD compared with healthy controls, and fecal isovaleric acid was also found to correlate with creatinine levels [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

Ephraim¹,

Jewell

2021

Microorganisms

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Age-related changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with the increased risk of detrimental conditions also seen with age. This study evaluated whether a test food with potential anti-aging benefits results in favorable changes in plasma and fecal metabolites and the fecal microbiota in senior cats. Forty healthy domestic cats aged 8.3–13.5 years were fed a washout food for 30 days, then control or test food for 30 days. After another 30-day washout, cats were switched to the other study food for 30 days. Assessment of plasma and fecal metabolites showed lower levels of metabolites associated with detrimental processes (e.g., uremic toxins) and higher levels of metabolites associated with beneficial processes (e.g., tocopherols) after cats consumed the test food compared with the control food. A shift toward proteolysis with the control food is supported by higher levels of amino acid metabolites and lower levels of carbohydrate metabolites. Operational taxonomic units of greater abundance with the test food positively correlated with carbohydrate and nicotinic acid metabolites, and negatively correlated with uremic toxins, amino acid metabolism, secondary bile salts, and branched-chain fatty acids. Taken together, the test food appears to result in greater levels of metabolites and microbiota associated with a healthier state.

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Preliminary evaluation of fecal fatty acid concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease and correlation with indoxyl sulfate and p‐cresol sulfate

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats

Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats

Application of Volatilome Analysis to the Diagnosis of Mycobacteria Infection in Livestock

Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats

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