Preliminary Evaluation of Jackbean (<i>Canavalia ensiformis</i> L.DC) Seed Meal as a Substitute for Fishmeal in diets for <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822)

Abstract

Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) is an under-utilised novel legume with crude protein content and amino acid profile that make it a potential candidate in the tropics as substitute for fish meal in fish diets. This study assesses the potentials of Jackbean seed meal (JBSM) for partial replacement of fish meal in diets of Clarias gariepinus. Fishmeal in control diet was replaced progressively (10%,20%,40% and 60%) by raw JBSM, 30-and 60-minute boiled JBSM. Test fish in each tank were fed 3% of their biomass twice daily for 56days. Fish fed control diet had the best SGR (1.61) and feed efficiencies (FCR 1.88, PER 1.74). SGR and PER of fish groups fed test diets were inversely related to the dietary levels of JBSM. The same trend applied to protein and fat contents of the fish carcass. FCR however had the reverse trend. Fish fed diets with up to 20% fishmeal substituted by 60 minute boiled JBSM had protein content similar to those fed the control diets (P<0.05). Fish fed diets with fishmeal substituted by 10% raw JBSM and up to 20% JBSM boiled for 30 and 60 minutes had similar fat levels in the fish flesh as those fed the controlled diets (P<0.05). The poor performance observed in fish fed diets containing increasing levels of boiled JBSM suggest the presence of probably thermostable antinutritional factors in processed JBSM as well as imbalance in the nutrient profile which may be corrected by supplementation. However, the study shows that 20% of fishmeal in the diet can be replaced with JBSM boiled for 60 minutes without any adverse effect on the growth performance.

Nutritional profile of toasted canavalia ensiformis seed and its potetial as partially replacement for soybean in the diet of clarias gariepinus

“…However, the markedly presence of canavaline and saponin in C. ensiformis are also possible causes of reduced growth observed in this study. Osuigwe et al (2002Osuigwe et al ( , 2003Osuigwe et al ( , 2005 among other authors have previously reported the effect of canavaline which is thermostable, poisonous, alkaline aminoacid with a structural analogue of arginine (= lines 144, 145) no the performance of fish growth. , Akinbiyi (1992), and Abdo de la Parra et al (1998) had earlier reported that Clarias gariepinus can tolerate higher inclusion of raw C. ensiformis meal (11% level of inclusion) better than O. niloticus (5% level of inclusion).…”

“…However, lectin and canavaline were not markedly reduced using this processing method. Canavaline, has long been reported as a thermostable, poisonous, alkaline amino acid with a structural analogue of arginine (Osuigwe et al 2002;2003;. However, it could be rightly said that the duration of time used for toasting was too short to cause a marked reduction in saponin despite not been thermostable.…”

“…They are widely distributed and indigenous to the tropics (Fagbenro et al 2004), rarely eating by man (Okonkwo and Udedibie 1991) and their nutritional potential has been well studied in monogastrics and poultry industry (Wyss and Bicjel 1988, Udedibie 1990, Udedibie and Nkwocha 1990. Nutritional trial in fish includes the works of Martinez-Palacios et al (1988), Akinbiyi (1992), Abdo de la Parra et al (1998), Osuigwe et al (2002), and Fagbenro et al (2004).…”

“…This includes canavanine, concanavalin, canavalin, canatoxin, protease inhibitors, lectins, and phytic acid (Abdo de la Parra et al 1998, Osuigwe et al 2002, Fagbenro et al 2004. Fortunately, some of these antinutritional factors can be destroyed and inactivated by heat treatment (Tiamiyu et al 2014).…”

Response of African Catfish, &lt;i&gt;Clarias gariepinus&lt;/i&gt; (Burchell 1822), Fingerlings Fed Diets Containing Differently Timed Wet-Heat-Treated Sesame (&lt;i&gt;Sesamum indicum&lt;/i&gt;) Seedmeal

“…In the recent past, researches were mostly focused on the under-utilized plant proteins in fish diets. Prominent among which are soybean meal [8] [9], groundnut cake [10], Lima bean [11], Jackbean [12] [13], African Yam bean [14], Pigeon Pea [15]. Relatively, work on the use of other oilseeds residue such as sesame meal in warm water fish nutrition is limited [16].…”