Preliminary exhaustion studies of spiroxazine dyes on polyamide fibers and their photochromic properties

The study of colour fastness of commercial microencapsulated photoresponsive dye applied on cotton, cotton/polyester and polyester fabric using a pad‐dry‐cure process

“…In textiles, photochromic dyes can be found in products with special colour effects (T‐shirts, handbags and caps), textured yarns for knitting, weaving and embroidery, UV‐light‐sensitive curtains and special photochromatic fabrics . Photochromic dyes can be applied on textiles using printing , exhaust dyeing , and pad dyeing . They can also be applied by sol‐gel technology onto textiles and glass plates .…”

“…The intensity of the photochromic effect is dependent on the mode of application onto the fabric, the type and concentration of the photochromic dye, the type of textile fibre and the application conditions (temperature, time, pH, and solvent). Studies conducted so far have shown that polyester , polyamide and wool have been successfully dyed with photochromic dyes. Although the application of photochromic dyes onto textiles has been extensively studied , only a few patents and a study by Gorjance et al .…”

Influence of Optical Brightening Agent Concentration on Properties of Cotton Fabric Coated with Photochromic Microcapsules Using a Pad-Dry-Cure Process

“…The reversible transformation is induced in one or both directions by electromagnetic radiation between two stages possessing observable light absorptions in different regions [2]. Photochromic dyes can be applied onto textiles by exhaust dyeing, solvent-based dyeing methods, printing, or using sol-gel technology [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. On glass plates, they are usually applied by sol-gel technology [19][20][21].…”

“…The colorfastness to washing decreases with the increased number of washing cycles. The use of optical brightener decreases the photocoloration of coated fabric and increases the photostability of coated fabric after the exposure of samples to a Xenotest apparatus for longer than 12 h. dyes are poorly exhausted on textile substrates [4,6] due to their highly non-planar ring-closed form and the deficiency of substituents, which increases the solubility of the dye in an aqueous medium. Consequently, the poor photochromic color build-up is obtained on textile substrates.…”

From Murex Purpura to Sensory Photochromic Textiles

“…In most of the cases, chromism is based on changes ocurring inside of the molecule, among electrons. This especially implies "pi" and "d" electron positions so that the phenomenon is induced by various outside stimulus bearing the ability of altering electronic density of the compound or a substance (Lee, S. J. et al 2006;Nakazumi, 1997). It is well known that many of the natural compounds possess chromic property, while a number of artificial compounds of specifically characterized chromic properties have been synthesized so far (Shibahashi, 2004).…”