Preliminary experimental study on the electrical impedance analysis for<i>in-situ</i>monitoring of the curing of carbon/epoxy composite material for aeronautical and aerospace structures

Marguerès, Philippe; Camps, Thierry; Viargues, Mathieu; Olivier, Philippe

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/24/9/095005

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In our current work, electrical impedance (Z) measurements were developed because of their extremely high sensitivity to any change in the composite material during its curing. Effectively, as shown in our previous papers [109][110][111] unidirectional composite laminates behave as an electrical resistance in L direction (according carbon fibers axis) and as the association of a capacitance and a resistance in the two other directions (T for transverse and Z for through-thickness). This is illustrated in Figure 2 where a schematic representation of T700/M21 carbon/epoxy laminates microstructure is given.…”

Section: Impedancemetry For Monitoring Carbon/epoxy Laminates Behaviomentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The through-thickness (in Z direction -see Figure 2) absolute value of impedance |Z z | and its argument θ z are real-time recorded as a function of current frequency f (Hz) (see eq. 1, 2 and 3) showing thus the capability to detect both the gelation and the vitrification of the epoxy matrix during cure Figure 3 [111]. The maximum changes in the impedance are obtained for a frequency at 10 kHz.…”

Section: Impedancemetry For Monitoring Carbon/epoxy Laminates Behaviomentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A large number of references have been given in subsection 1.1. Nevertheless, when focussing upon electrical measurement methods for cure monitoring it appears that some authors measured electrical resistance [103][104], dielectric constants [105][106][107], or more recently electrical impedance [108][109][110][111]. One of the advantages of electrical impedance (Z) -using its modulus |Z| and argument θ measurements (eqs.1, 2 and 3) -lays in the fact that both resistance (carbon fibers and contacts between adjacent carbon fibers) and capacitance (thin zone of insulating matrix) are scanned (see Figure 3).…”

Section: Focus Upon Electrical Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Carbon fibres reinforced composites. Electrical impedance analysis: a gateway to smartness

Marguerès

Olivier

Mounkaila

et al. 2020

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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For more than 7 years, our research work is focussed upon the electrical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composites. Effectively carbon/polymeric matrix laminates can be considered as an electrically conductive network (i.e. carbon fibers) embedded in an insulating medium (i.e. the polymeric matrix). Consequently, from an electrical point of view laminated composites have been modelled owing to combinations of electrical resistances (i.e. fibers themselves and the contact points between the fibers) and capacitances (i.e. polymeric matrix). During their manufacturing, composite material such as thermoset matrix composites for instance, undergo various changes in their physical (including electrical and mechanical) properties and in their geometrical characteristics. In fact, in the case of manufacturing processes such as oven curing (vacuum bag), autoclave curing or heating plate press, beside the chemo-rheological changes, the laminated parts are the place of a compaction phenomenon inducing changes in fiber volume fraction and thicknesses. The idea developed in this paper is that since the carbon/ polymeric matrix laminate can be considered as an electrical network, it can then be view and used as a sensor for following the material state during the manufacturing process enabling thus defects to be detected and this without any additional sensing material or device.

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Section: Impedancemetry For Monitoring Carbon/epoxy Laminates Behaviomentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Impedancemetry For Monitoring Carbon/epoxy Laminates Behaviomentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Focus Upon Electrical Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon fibres reinforced composites. Electrical impedance analysis: a gateway to smartness

Marguerès

Olivier

Mounkaila

et al. 2020

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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“…Depending on the geometrical parameters (such as thickness, diameter, etc.) and the mechanical properties of the monitored electrical component, the resolution of stress monitoring can differ for the same loading conditions [19] . From the point of view of applicability of such sensors for structural health monitoring the usability is limited due to free vibrations of the tested electronic components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Current Flow on Lead Zirconate Titanate Surfaces during Mechanical Impact

Aman¹

2016

Res. Rev. J Mat. Sci

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A new mechanical stress detection technique, based on current flow at Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) surfaces, is described in this paper. The current flow properties of PZT were characterized by use of a tungsten indenter. The tungsten indenter was dropped from a certain height and caused mechanical impact at the PZT-sample. The tungsten pin achieved direct contact with the upper surface of the ferroelectric specimen during the impact. This procedure allowed measurements of electrical current that flew between the PZT-surface and the tungsten pin. It was shown that ferroelectric domain switching on PZT surface and plastic deformation generates this current flow during action of loading force. The current flow disappeared in a few microseconds after removal of the loading force. The measurements were carried out using different areas of force application on the PZT surface. The mechanical stress, induced by the collision, was transmitted through the sample and generated also a measureable dipole moment. In this way it was shown that PZT exhibits high sensitivity against mechanical stress by means of electrical current flow, compared to typical dipole moment measurements. This specific material property of PZT-ceramics can be used for new mechanical stress sensor designs with higher sensitivity as normal used bulky PZT-sensors.

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“…The designed system is applied for impact monitoring and damage detection for a supporting structure of a sailplane. Another active sensing technique is based on electromechanical impedance (EMI) [2,8], which can be applied on a composite material [12]. The theoretical model for the EMI method was first established by Liang et al [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Piezoelectric Transducer-Based Integrated Structural Health Monitoring System for Impact Monitoring and Impedance Measurement

Guo

Huang

2020

Applied Sciences

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques, which are also considered as online nondestructive testing methods, are significant in modern structural engineering due to their ability to guarantee structure safety while reducing maintenance cost. It is often necessary to combine different SHM methods to achieve a more reliable damage detection result. However, the hardware of the SHM systems is usually expensive, bulky, and heavy when they are designed separately. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-layer architecture for designing an integrated multi-function SHM system to achieve a small, lightweight, and low power consumption SHM system. Based on the architecture, an integrated SHM system with impact monitoring and electromechanical impedance measurement is developed. In addition, a scheduling module is developed to manage the two functions of the system. Furthermore, an integrated interface is developed to transfer the data and the command. Then, an integrated printed circuit board is designed and manufactured to achieve the aforementioned functions. The designed system is applied for impact monitoring and damage detection for a supporting structure of a sailplane. Another active sensing technique is based on electromechanical impedance (EMI) [2,8], which can be applied on a composite material [12]. The theoretical model for the EMI method was first established by Liang et al. [13]. In this model, the electrical impedance, which is the inverse of the electrical admittance, of a PZT sensor is shown to be coupled with the mechanical impedance of the host structure. Thus, the measured impendence from PZT can represent the severity of damage in the host structure. However, there are some practical issues related to the application such as debonding issues, temperature effects, and so on [14]. Usually, equipment employed for measuring electric impedance includes an inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) meter or impedance analyzer [15]. This hardware, including Agilent 4194A and Wayne Kerr 6500B [16], and so on, is often employed in experiments. Researches using this hardware tend to focus on some practical issues and theoretical problems and pursue a high level of precision; thus, reducing energy consumption and weight of hardware is not considered in these studies. Moreover, some of SHM systems utilizing EMI methods require a set of PZTs to form a sensor network, and this causes the hardware system to become heavy and complex. Therefore, it is necessary to design a lightweight and low-power consumption hardware system for real applications. One way to shrink the size of the hardware system is to employ a chip named AD5933. The AD5933 impedance converter is a high-precision impedance converter system with an on-board frequency generator, a 12-bit 1MSPS, ADC, and an on-board digital signal processing (DSP) engine processing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) with a weight of less than 5 g. Nowadays, it is employed by many researchers for designing low-cost, on-board, and wireless SHM systems [4]. The next gen...

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Preliminary experimental study on the electrical impedance analysis forin-situmonitoring of the curing of carbon/epoxy composite material for aeronautical and aerospace structures

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Carbon fibres reinforced composites. Electrical impedance analysis: a gateway to smartness

Carbon fibres reinforced composites. Electrical impedance analysis: a gateway to smartness

Behavior of Current Flow on Lead Zirconate Titanate Surfaces during Mechanical Impact

Development of a Piezoelectric Transducer-Based Integrated Structural Health Monitoring System for Impact Monitoring and Impedance Measurement

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