Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections Caused by Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2022

Delahoy, Miranda J.; Shah, Hazel J; Weller, Daniel; Ray, Logan; Smith, Kirk E.; McGuire, Suzanne; Trevejo, Rosalie T.; Walter, Elaine Scallan; Wymore, Katie; Rissman, Tamara; McMillian, Marcy; Lathrop, Sarah; LaClair, Bethany; Boyle, Michelle M.; Harris, Stic; Zablotsky-Kufel, Joanna; Houck, Kennedy; Devine, Carol M.; Lau, C.; Tauxe, Robert V.; Griffin, Patricia M.; Payne, Daniel C.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7226a1

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Most listeriosis cases have been reported from industrialized Western countries. In the United States, the Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network has been implementing laboratory-based surveillance in listeriosis epidemiology since 1996 [ 1 ], revealing a stable incidence rate estimated to be 0.3 per million population in United States over the period from 2006 to 2022 [ 15 – 17 ], leading L. monocytogenes as the fourth causative pathogen in bacterial meningitis [ 18 ]. Since 2000, China has made strong effects and improved surveillance systems for monitoring and controlling listeriosis [ 14 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics and Fatality Risk Factors for Patients with Listeria monocytogenes Infection: A 12-Year Hospital-Based Study in Xi’an, China

Xu,

Peng,

et al. 2024

Infect Dis Ther

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Introduction Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection. The data of listeriosis in Xi’an population are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and fatality risk factors for listeriosis in three tertiary-care hospitals in Xi’an, China Methods The characteristics of demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, cranial imaging examination, antibiotics therapeutic schemes, and clinical outcomes were collected between 2011 and 2023. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Seventy-one etiologically confirmed listeriosis patients were enrolled, including 12 neonatal and 59 non-neonatal cases. The majority of neonatal listeriosis presented as preterm (50%) and fetal distress (75%). The main clinical manifestations of non-neonatal listeriosis included fever (88%), headache (32%), disorder of consciousness (25%), vomiting (17%), abdominal pain (12%), and convulsions (8%). The fatality rate in neonatal cases was higher than in non-neonatal listeriosis (42 vs. 17%). Although no deaths were reported in maternal listeriosis, only two of 23 patients had an uneventful obstetrical outcome. Five maternal listeriosis delivered culture-positive neonates, three of whom decreased within 1 week post-gestation due to severe complications. Twenty-eight cases were neurolisteriosis and 43 cases were bacteremia. Neurolisteriosis had a higher fatality rate compared with bacteremia listeriosis (36 vs. 12%). The main neuroradiological images were cerebral edema/hydrocephalus, intracranial infection, and cerebral hernia. Listeria monocytogenes showed extremely low resistance to ampicillin (two isolates) and penicillin (one isolate). The fatality risk factors were the involvement of the central nervous system, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyponatremia for all enrolled subjects. Hyperuricemia contributed to the elevation of fatality risk in non-neonatal listeriosis. Conclusions When the patients suffered with symptoms of fever and central nervous system infection, they should be alert to the possibility of listeriosis. Early administration of ampicillin- or penicillin-based therapy might be beneficial for recovery of listeriosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics and Fatality Risk Factors for Patients with Listeria monocytogenes Infection: A 12-Year Hospital-Based Study in Xi’an, China

Xu,

Peng,

et al. 2024

Infect Dis Ther

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“…During 2021, over 15 million pounds of meat were recalled in the U.S., and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) was the cause of two of those recalls, totaling 300,096 pounds [ 5 ]. Infections by STEC have been increasing since 2018 and have an incidence rate of 5.7 per 100,000 people [ 6 ]. An STEC infection generally causes diarrhea and vomiting but may result in severe diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stx1 and stx2 genes encode Shiga toxins 1 and 2, which cause cytotoxicity in the host, and expression of eae produces intimin, which mediates enterocyte colonization [ 7 ]. The serotype most frequently associated with foodborne STEC outbreaks is O157:H7 [ 6 ]. The serotype of E. coli is determined by the H antigen, which is present on the flagella, and the O antigen, which is present on the outer membrane [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef Using Long-Read Sequencing

Counihan,

Kanrar,

Tilman

et al. 2024

Foods

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Foodborne pathogens are a significant cause of illness, and infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) may lead to life-threatening complications. The current methods to identify STEC in meat involve culture-based, molecular, and proteomic assays and take at least four days to complete. This time could be reduced by using long-read whole-genome sequencing to identify foodborne pathogens. Therefore, the goal of this project was to evaluate the use of long-read sequencing to detect STEC in ground beef. The objectives of the project included establishing optimal sequencing parameters, determining the limit of detection of all STEC virulence genes of interest in pure cultures and spiked ground beef, and evaluating selective sequencing to enhance STEC detection in ground beef. Sequencing libraries were run on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ MinION sequencer. Optimal sequencing output was obtained using the default parameters in MinKNOW, except for setting the minimum read length to 1 kb. All genes of interest (eae, stx1, stx2, fliC, wzx, wzy, and rrsC) were detected in DNA extracted from STEC pure cultures within 1 h of sequencing, and 30× coverage was obtained within 2 h. All virulence genes were confidently detected in STEC DNA quantities as low as 12.5 ng. In STEC-inoculated ground beef, software-controlled selective sequencing improved virulence gene detection; however, several virulence genes were not detected due to high bovine DNA concentrations in the samples. The growth enrichment of inoculated meat samples in mTSB resulted in a 100-fold increase in virulence gene detection as compared to the unenriched samples. The results of this project suggest that further development of long-read sequencing protocols may result in a faster, less labor-intensive method to detect STEC in ground beef.

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“…Salmonellosis, one of the most common food-borne illnesses in both, the developed and developing countries ( Majowicz et al, 2010 ; Scallan et al, 2011 ; Pires et al, 2021 ), is a disease that is associated with diarrhoea, fever and abdominal pains that occasionally can lead to death ( Fabrega and Vila, 2013 ; Andino and Hanning, 2015 ). Salmonellosis was the second most reported zoonotic disease in the EU in 2020 [ European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 2021 ] and second most reported bacterial enteric disease in the US in 2022 [ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2023 ]. The annual costs associated with salmonellosis in 2010 in the US were estimated to be in excess of 2.5 billion USD for 1.4 million cases ( Scallan et al, 2011 ; Andino and Hanning, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a random forest algorithm for source attribution of animal and human Salmonella Typhimurium and monophasic variants of S. Typhimurium isolates in England and Wales utilising whole genome sequencing data

Guzinski,

Tang,

Chattaway

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Source attribution has traditionally involved combining epidemiological data with different pathogen characterisation methods, including 7-gene multi locus sequence typing (MLST) or serotyping, however, these approaches have limited resolution. In contrast, whole genome sequencing data provide an overview of the whole genome that can be used by attribution algorithms. Here, we applied a random forest (RF) algorithm to predict the primary sources of human clinical Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and monophasic variants (monophasic S. Typhimurium) isolates. To this end, we utilised single nucleotide polymorphism diversity in the core genome MLST alleles obtained from 1,061 laboratory-confirmed human and animal S. Typhimurium and monophasic S. Typhimurium isolates as inputs into a RF model. The algorithm was used for supervised learning to classify 399 animal S. Typhimurium and monophasic S. Typhimurium isolates into one of eight distinct primary source classes comprising common livestock and pet animal species: cattle, pigs, sheep, other mammals (pets: mostly dogs and horses), broilers, layers, turkeys, and game birds (pheasants, quail, and pigeons). When applied to the training set animal isolates, model accuracy was 0.929 and kappa 0.905, whereas for the test set animal isolates, for which the primary source class information was withheld from the model, the accuracy was 0.779 and kappa 0.700. Subsequently, the model was applied to assign 662 human clinical cases to the eight primary source classes. In the dataset, 60/399 (15.0%) of the animal and 141/662 (21.3%) of the human isolates were associated with a known outbreak of S. Typhimurium definitive type (DT) 104. All but two of the 141 DT104 outbreak linked human isolates were correctly attributed by the model to the primary source classes identified as the origin of the DT104 outbreak. A model that was run without the clonal DT104 animal isolates produced largely congruent outputs (training set accuracy 0.989 and kappa 0.985; test set accuracy 0.781 and kappa 0.663). Overall, our results show that RF offers considerable promise as a suitable methodology for epidemiological tracking and source attribution for foodborne pathogens.

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Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections Caused by Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2022

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Clinical Characteristics and Fatality Risk Factors for Patients with Listeria monocytogenes Infection: A 12-Year Hospital-Based Study in Xi’an, China

Clinical Characteristics and Fatality Risk Factors for Patients with Listeria monocytogenes Infection: A 12-Year Hospital-Based Study in Xi’an, China

Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef Using Long-Read Sequencing

Development and validation of a random forest algorithm for source attribution of animal and human Salmonella Typhimurium and monophasic variants of S. Typhimurium isolates in England and Wales utilising whole genome sequencing data

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