Preliminary Investigation of Linum usitatissimum Mucilage-Based Hydrogel as Possible Substitute to Synthetic Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Sustained Release Oral Drug Delivery

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Linum usitatissimum mucilage, a natural polymer, in developing a sustained release hydrogel for orally delivered drugs that require frequent dosing. For this purpose, nicorandil (a model drug)-loaded hydrogels with various feed ratios of Linum usitatissimum mucilage, acrylamide (monomer) and methylene bis-acrylamide (crosslinker) were prepared. The newly synthesized hydrogel formulations were probed fundamentally with respect to swelling behaviour, solvent penetration, and the release of the drug from the hydrogels. Later, the selected formulations were further characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The swelling coefficient demonstrated a linear relation with the polymer ratio; however, an inverse behaviour in the case of monomer and crosslinker was observed. The drug release studies, performed at pH 1.2 and 4.5 and considering the dynamic environment of GIT, demonstrated that all formulations followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, displaying a slow drug release via diffusion and polymer erosion. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful grafting of acrylamide on linseed mucilage. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed a clear surface morphology with folds and pinholes in the hydrogel. Therefore, based upon the in-vitro outcomes, it can be concluded that a promising sustained release hydrogel can be prepared from natural polymer, Linum usitatissimum mucilage, offering many-fold benefits over the conventional synthetic polymers for oral delivery of drugs.

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“…99.96 % at pH 7.4 as compared to 98.97 % and 88.42 % of M4 and M5, respectively. Thus, as reported by Panda et al, 2014 by comparison of the R 2 values of all models, Korsmeyer-Peppas was considered to be most appropriate (table 2) and released drug by diffusion (Mahmood et al, 2022). Where, K1, K0, kH, kKP and kHC are the release rate constants for first-order, zero-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell model, respectively.…”

“…Percentage swelling of the matrix was controlled by the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding effects between the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups of GG and hydrophobic amide groups of AAm, which decreases the hydrophilicity of the matrix by decreasing the availability of free hydrophilic hydroxyl groups for water absorption and thus swelling was also decreased with increasing AAm concentration (Mahmood et al, 2022). Sabbaghe et al, 2018 formulated Aam/NaCMC/MgO hydrogels and depicted the fact that swelling is attributed to carboxylic (COOH) and hydrophilic amide (NH2) groups (Sabbagh et al, 2018)…”

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