Preliminary Investigation of The Grain Refinement Mechanism in Cu Alloys

Cziegler, Andreas; Schumacher, Peter

doi:10.1002/9781119274865.ch20

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, only limited data is given for increasing alloy concentration. Furthermore, grain size was observed to increase for several alloying elements at 0.1 wt %, and no comparison with a valid supercooling parameter (P) or Q were given, as Q-values for Cu alloys have just been recently reported [30][31][32]. This raises the question: can a similar correlation be found for Q and grain size in Cu alloys as has been observed for Al and Mg alloys?…”

Section: Effect Of Alloying Elements and Concentration On Grain Size mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…From the concept of Q, a similar grain size is expected at the same Q-value that is independent of the alloying element. Considering the results obtained in the current work and in the literature [17,30,32], the effect of alloying elements within the concept of growth restriction has to be considered differently compared to Al alloys, which exhibit a stable particle distribution. It should be specified that similar grain sizes at the same Q-value for different alloying elements can only be expected in the case that the particle density is the same [42].…”

Section: Transition In Grain Size In Cu Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Growth Restriction on Grain Size in Binary Cu Alloys

Cziegler

Geraseva

Schumacher

2017

Metals

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Grain refinement by elemental addition has been extensively investigated within the last decades in Al or Mg alloys. In contrast, in the Cu system, the role of solute on grain size is less investigated. In this study, the grain refinement potency of several alloying elements of the Cu system was examined. To predict grain size depending on the growth restriction factor Q, grain size modelling was performed. The results obtained by the grain size model were compared to variations in the grain size of binary Cu alloys with increasing solute content under defined cooling conditions of the TP-1 grain refiner test of the Aluminium Association©. It was found that the experimental results differed significantly from the predicted grain size values for several alloying elements. A decreasing grain size with increasing alloy concentration was observed independently of the growth restriction potency of the alloying elements. Furthermore, excessive grain coarsening was found for several solutes beyond a transition point. It is assumed that contradictory variations in grain size result from a change in the nucleating particle density of the melt. Significant decreases in grain size are supposed to be due to the in-situ formation of potent nucleation sites. Excessive grain coarsening with increasing solute content may occur due to the removal of nucleating particles. The model shows that the difference in the actual number of particles before and beyond the transition point must be in the range of several orders of magnitude.

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Section: Effect Of Alloying Elements and Concentration On Grain Size mentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Transition In Grain Size In Cu Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Growth Restriction on Grain Size in Binary Cu Alloys

Cziegler

Geraseva

Schumacher

2017

Metals

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“…In line with investigations on the effect of solute additions on the grain size in copper, growth restriction factors (Q) have been determined as exemplified by means of the conventional (Eq. 1) [4][5][6][7] or true (Eq. 2) [2,8,9] Q values to quantify the potential restriction to growth imposed by a solute.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Role of Dilute Solute Additions on Growth Restriction in Binary Copper Alloys

Balart

Gao

Patel

et al. 2020

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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The effect of dilute solute additions on growth restriction in binary Cu alloys has been assessed at different degrees of superheat. Columnar grain length values from Northcott’s work (Northcott in J Inst Metals 62:101-136, 1938) for binary Cu alloys were plotted against the corresponding undercooling parameter (P), the reciprocal of the conventional (Qconv.) and true (Qtrue) growth restriction factor (Schmid-Fetzer and Kozlov in Acta Mater 59(15):6133-6144, 2011) values. It was found that there was no correlation between the columnar grain length values and P, 1/Qconv. and 1/Qtrue values for different solutes and cast at the same degree of superheat. Unlike P, Qconv., and Qtrue values, the heuristic growth restriction parameter (β) (Fan et al. in Acta Mater 152, 248-257, 2018) modeling framework in conjunction with the critical solute content (C*) for growth restriction fitted well to binary Cu alloys.

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“…Grain refinement of copper and copper alloys has recently attracted the interest of the scientific community [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. It is worthwhile briefly highlighting previous studies on grain refinement in copper and copper alloys [8][9][10][11][12][13]: in air, in the late 1930s by Northcott [8,9], and in a protective atmosphere of pure Ar (99.997 pct), in the early 1990s by Bustos and Reif [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Superheat and Solute Additions on the Grain Size in Binary Copper Alloys

Balart

Gao

Patel

et al. 2019

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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By utilizing data from the literature, we examine the effects of superheat and solute additions on the grain size (as measured by columnar grain length) in binary copper alloys. Our investigation provides support for an Arrhenius-like behavior of the superheat on the grain size. We also find a correlation between the columnar grain length at a constant degree of superheat and the variation of the reciprocal of the true growth restriction factor (1/Q) with P, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Sn solute additions to be a power of law of 1/3, which gave a better fit than a linear one.

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Preliminary Investigation of The Grain Refinement Mechanism in Cu Alloys

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Growth Restriction on Grain Size in Binary Cu Alloys

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Growth Restriction on Grain Size in Binary Cu Alloys

On the Role of Dilute Solute Additions on Growth Restriction in Binary Copper Alloys

Effects of Superheat and Solute Additions on the Grain Size in Binary Copper Alloys

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