PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE FROM TWO PHOTOSYNTHETIC DINOFLAGELLATES<sup>1</sup>

Whitney, Spencer M.; Yellowlees, David

doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00138.x

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The Calvin-Benson cycle here involves a form II RubisCO (408,409) which, like other form II RubisCO isoforms, is relatively inefficient in comparison to the form I RubisCO found in other eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. However, it has been hypothesized that this inefficiency could be overcome by the localized activity of intracellular CCMs, especially the CCM situated adjacent to the pyrenoid (13,197).…”

Section: Fig 5 Schematic Summary Of Nutritional Interactions In the Cmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cell Biology of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis

Davy

Allemand

Weis

2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

836

1,041

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SUMMARY The symbiosis between cnidarians (e.g., corals or sea anemones) and intracellular dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium is of immense ecological importance. In particular, this symbiosis promotes the growth and survival of reef corals in nutrient-poor tropical waters; indeed, coral reefs could not exist without this symbiosis. However, our fundamental understanding of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis and of its links to coral calcification remains poor. Here we review what we currently know about the cell biology of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. In doing so, we aim to refocus attention on fundamental cellular aspects that have been somewhat neglected since the early to mid-1980s, when a more ecological approach began to dominate. We review the four major processes that we believe underlie the various phases of establishment and persistence in the cnidarian/coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis: (i) recognition and phagocytosis, (ii) regulation of host-symbiont biomass, (iii) metabolic exchange and nutrient trafficking, and (iv) calcification. Where appropriate, we draw upon examples from a range of cnidarian-alga symbioses, including the symbiosis between green Hydra and its intracellular chlorophyte symbiont, which has considerable potential to inform our understanding of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Ultimately, we provide a comprehensive overview of the history of the field, its current status, and where it should be going in the future.

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Section: Fig 5 Schematic Summary Of Nutritional Interactions In the Cmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cell Biology of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis

Davy

Allemand

Weis

2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

836

1,041

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“…Finally, recent studies report the presence of form II RUBISCO in several dinoflagellate species (Morse et al, 1995;Whitney and Yellowlees, 1995). The structural similarity to RUBISCO of photosynthetic bacteria indicates that p in dinoflagellates may also be significantly lower than in diatoms such as P. tricornutum, which possess form I RUBISCO.…”

Section: Taxonomic Differences In Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of growth rate, CO2 concentration, and cell size on the stable carbon isotope fractionation in marine phytoplankton

Burkhardt

Riebesell

Zondervan

1999

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

281

278

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Abstract-Stable carbon isotope fractionation ( p ) was measured in four marine diatom and one dinoflagellate species of different cell sizes. Monospecific cultures were incubated under high-light and nutrient-replete conditions at 16 h : 8 h and 24 h : 0 h light/dark cycles in dilute batch cultures at six CO 2 concentrations, [CO 2,aq ], ranging from ca. 1 to 38 mol kg Ϫ1. In all species, p increased with increasing [CO 2,aq ]. Among the diatoms, the degree of CO 2 -related variability in p was inversely correlated with cell size. Isotopic fractionation in the dinoflagellate differed in several aspects from that of the diatoms, which may reflect both morphological and physiological differences between taxa. Daylength-related changes in instantaneous growth rate, defined as the rate of C assimilation during the photoperiod, affected p to a similar or greater extent than differences in experimental [CO 2,aq ] in three of the species tested. In contrast, the irradiance cycle had no effect on p in 2 other species. With the exception of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, growth rate of all species declined below a critical [CO 2,aq ]. At these concentrations, we observed a reversal in the CO 2 -related p trend, which we attribute to a decline in carbon assimilation efficiency. Although uncatalyzed passive diffusion of CO 2 into the cell was sufficient to account for gross carbon uptake in most treatments, our results indicate that other processes contribute to inorganic carbon acquisition in all species even at [CO 2,aq ] Ͼ 10 mol kg Ϫ1 . These processes may include active C transport and/or catalyzed conversion of HCO 3 Ϫ to CO 2 by carbonic anhydrase. A comparison of our results with data from the literature indicates significant deviations from previously reported correlations between p and /[CO 2,aq ], even when differences in cellular carbon content and cell geometry are accounted for.

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“…Dinoflagellates may also be directly growth-limited by high pH values (Hansen et al 2007). Many dinoflagellates have a form II Rubisco that has a particularly low affinity for carboxylation, and is therefore extremely inefficient at fixing CO 2 compared with the form I Rubisco in all other algae (Whitney & Yellowlees 1995, Jenks & Gibbs 2000, Nassoury et al 2001. Other harmful algal groups such as the raphidophyte Heterosigma apparently lack CCMs that would allow them to take up HCO 3 -either directly or indirectly, and hence probably depend only on CO 2 uptake (Nimer et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 and phosphate availability control the toxicity of the harmful bloom dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum

Place²,

Garcia³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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We demonstrated that the toxicity of the harmful bloom dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum is regulated by both CO 2 concentrations and phosphate availability. Semi-continuous cultures were grown in a factorial experiment under all combinations of 3 CO 2 levels (230, 430 and 745 ppm) and 2 phosphate conditions (0.5 and 20 µM). After steady-state acclimation was achieved, karlotoxin cellular quotas and growth rates were determined in all 6 treatments. This strain produced both types of karlotoxin, KmTx-1 and KmTx-2. Chlorophyll a-normalized production of the 2 types of karlotoxins was much higher in P-limited cultures compared with P-replete ones under the same CO 2 conditions. Increasing CO 2 strongly stimulated production of KmTx-1 and decreased production of KmTx-2 in both treatments, but especially in P-limited cultures. Because the KmTx-1 toxin is an order of magnitude more potent than KmTx-2, total cellular toxicity was increased dramatically at high pCO 2 , particularly in P-limited cultures. Specific growth rates were accelerated by enriched CO 2 in P-replete cultures, but not in P-limited treatments. Growth rates or toxicity of K. veneficum could increase substantially in the future with high CO 2 levels in the ocean, depending on P availability, and so interactions between rising CO 2 and eutrophication could cause major shifts in present day patterns of harmful algal toxin production. These results suggest that over the coming decades, rising CO 2 could substantially increase karlotoxin damage to food webs in the often P-limited estuaries where Karlodinium blooms occur.

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PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE FROM TWO PHOTOSYNTHETIC DINOFLAGELLATES¹

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Cell Biology of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis

Cell Biology of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis

Effects of growth rate, CO2 concentration, and cell size on the stable carbon isotope fractionation in marine phytoplankton

CO2 and phosphate availability control the toxicity of the harmful bloom dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum

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PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE FROM TWO PHOTOSYNTHETIC DINOFLAGELLATES1

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Cell Biology of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis

Cell Biology of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis

Effects of growth rate, CO2 concentration, and cell size on the stable carbon isotope fractionation in marine phytoplankton

CO2 and phosphate availability control the toxicity of the harmful bloom dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum

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PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE FROM TWO PHOTOSYNTHETIC DINOFLAGELLATES¹