Preliminary Observations on the Effects of Food Plant on the Stick Insect Eurycantha calcarata Lucas (Cheleutoptera: Phasmatidae)

Hsiung, Chia-Chi; Panagopoulos, Dimitrios

doi:10.2307/3503500

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These individuals were not included in the calculation of longevity, as their longevity was not known, but were included in the calculation of growth rate. The results obtained with this diet were similar to those of Hsiung and Panagopoulos (1998) for Eurycantha calcarata. In both studies the low survival and low growth rate may be due to the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone in spinach (Grebenok et al 1991).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Defrosted oak leaves.-Most individuals (71.4%) fed with frozen oak leaves reached the adult stage. None of the Eurycantha calcarata fed defrosted oak by Hsiung and Panagopoulos (1998) reached the adult stage. Given that a culture of E. calcarata currently kept at the Lyman Museum is fed during winter with defrosted oak leaves with no apparent negative effects on the immatures or adults, this difference may be due to the fact that the leaves were changed every 3 d in their study, compared to every 2 nd d in our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Effects of different diets on the survival, longevity and growth rate of the Annam stick insect, Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)

Boucher¹,

Varady-Szabo²

2005

Journal of Orthoptera Research

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effects of different diets on the survival, longevity and growth rate of the Annam stick insect, Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)

Boucher¹,

Varady-Szabo²

2005

Journal of Orthoptera Research

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“…Body and limb length affect the insects' crypsis, so the type of plant in a Phasmatodea species' envrionment and its preferred host may affect the evolution of limb and body segment lengths and proportions. Prior laboratory research shows the choice of food plant may or may not affect Phasmatodea size (Hsiung and Panagopoulos, 1998;Boucher and Varady-Szabo, 2005), however many species are polyphagous and are not expected to have co-evolved with a certain plant. Limb size may also have different selective pressures than the body.…”

Section: Significance For Phasmatodea Globallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bergmann's and Allen's Rules in Native European and Mediterranean Phasmatodea

Shelomi

Zeuss

2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Bergmann's rule states that organisms at higher latitudes should be larger and thicker than those closer to the equator to better conserve heat, and Allen's rule states that they will have shorter and thicker limbs at higher latitudes. Alternative explanations for latitudinal size clines include plant productivity and seasonality. The rules generally hold in endotherms, but in insects different species within the same genus can respond to latitude in unpredictable ways. We present the first biogeographical analysis of these rules in stick insects (order Phasmatodea), using four European species. Their long and thin bauplan makes the Phasmatodea ideal for ecomorphological studies of body length, which could identify the evolutionary drivers of their remarkable size range (including the world's longest insects). Using preserved specimens from collections across Europe; body segment and limb measurements were taken for both genders of the species Bacillus rossius, Clonopsis gallica, Leptynia attenuata, and Pijnackeria hispanica. Lengths and volumetric features were compared to latitude as well as annual mean temperature, net primary productivity, and annual growing degree days, using weighted linear regressions and ANOVA analyses. At lower latitudes/higher temperatures, B. rossius and L. attenuata had longer limbs [Allen clines] and were larger bodied and/or longer [converse-Bergmann clines], while the other species did not show latitudinal clines per se. This matches what was predicted based on closely related insects and the presence of large Phasmatodea in the tropics, but violates the temperature-size rule. Most variation in size could be attributed to temperature, but untested factors could also play a role Whether these ecogeographic rules hold true for tropical Phasmatodea and whether genetics or environment play are more important in determining adult length are topics for future research.

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“…Furthermore, studies on stick insects demonstrate that different host plants affect the longevity, growth rate, reproductive success (Boucher and Varady-Szabo 2005), length of time to maturation and the proportion of nymphs surviving to adulthood (Hsiung and Panagopoulos 1998). Understanding the host plants preferences of the LHISI on Lord Howe Island, and how these preferences may change over the course of development, is therefore important information to aid in the planning of any reintroduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining host plant preferences for the critically endangered Lord Howe Island stick insect (Dryococelus australis) to assist reintroduction

et al. 2017

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The Lord Howe Island Stick Insect (Dryococelus australis) is one of the world's rarest insects. However, the opportunity to reintroduce the species to Lord Howe Island, and commence the path to recovery, may occur within the next five years. Understanding the insect's host plant and habitat preferences on Lord Howe Island is critical to maximising the likelihood of reintroduction success. However, very little ecological information was documented before the species became extinct on the island in the 1930s. Here we examine the Lord Howe Island Stick Insect's preference for potential host plants, a key aspect of habitat suitability. We conducted preference trials using 15 common plant species found on Lord Howe Island. Both nymphs and adults consumed some but not all of these plant species.Nymphs were able to survive on seven of these 15 plants for the duration of the 26-day trials although failed to survive on some of the plants most preferred by adults. Overall, these data reveal that there are numerous plants on Lord Howe Island that the stick insect can consume, though their suitability varies with different developmental stages of the insect. These data are encouraging for any future reintroduction attempts and would greatly aid the selection and monitoring of release sites. one or more large (rodent-proof if necessary) enclosures of potentially suitable forest on the island. This would allow behaviours, including host plant use and preferences, and rates of survival and population growth to be examined in a natural, but contained environment.Finally, we hope that this approach to assessing host plant use and preferences may be of value to other conservation programs that are investigating the reintroduction or introduction of herbivorous invertebrates.

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Preliminary Observations on the Effects of Food Plant on the Stick Insect Eurycantha calcarata Lucas (Cheleutoptera: Phasmatidae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of different diets on the survival, longevity and growth rate of the Annam stick insect, Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)

Effects of different diets on the survival, longevity and growth rate of the Annam stick insect, Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)

Bergmann's and Allen's Rules in Native European and Mediterranean Phasmatodea

Determining host plant preferences for the critically endangered Lord Howe Island stick insect (Dryococelus australis) to assist reintroduction

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