Preliminary report on the biocompatibility of a moldable, resorbable, composite bone graft consisting of calcium phosphate cement and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) microspheres

Simon, Carl G.; Khatri, C A.; Wight, Scott A.; Wang, Francis W.

doi:10.1016/s0736-0266(01)00140-1

Cited by 108 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…MC3T3-EI osteoblast-like cells (Riken, Hirosaka, Japan) were cultured following established protocols [2,34]. Cells were cultured in flasks at 37 "C and 100'%1 humidity with 5'%, COz (volume fraction) in x modified Eagle's minimum essential medium (Biowhittaker, Walkersville.…”

Section: Cell Culture ~~~I C / ~U O R I~~c E N C E Niicroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Simon

2004

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets in situ to form solid hydroxyapatite, can conform to complex cavity shapes without machining, has excellent osteoconductivity, and is able to be resorbed and replaced by new bone. Therefore, CPC is promising for craniofacial and orthopaedic repairs. However, its low strength and lack of macroporosity limit its use. This study investigated CPC reinforcement with absorbable fibers, the effects of fiber volume fraction on mechanical properties and macroporosity, and the cytotoxicity of CPC–fiber composite. The rationale was that large‐diameter absorbable fibers would initially strengthen the CPC graft, then dissolve to form long cylindrical macropores for colonization by osteoblasts. Flexural strength, work‐of‐fracture (toughness), and elastic modulus were measured vs. fiber volume fraction from 0% (CPC Control without fibers) to 60%. Cell culture was performed with osteoblast‐like cells, and cell viability was quantified using an enzymatic assay. Flexural strength (mean ± SD; n == 6) of CPC with 60% fibers was 13.5 ± 4.4 MPa, three times higher than 3.9 ± 0.5 MPa of CPC Control. Work‐of‐fracture was increased by 182 times. Long cylindrical macropores 293 ± 46 μm in diameter were created in CPC after fiber dissolution, and the CPC–fiber scaffold reached a macroporosity of 55% and a total porosity of 81%. The new CPC–fiber formulation supported cell adhesion, proliferation and viability. The method of using large‐diameter absorbable fibers in bone graft for mechanical properties and formation of long cylindrical macropores for bone ingrowth may be applicable to other tissue engineering materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Orthopuedic Research Society. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Section: Cell Culture ~~~I C / ~U O R I~~c E N C E Niicroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifty thousand cells diluted into 2 ml of media were added to each well containing a specimen or to an empty well of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). and incubated for I d or 14 d (2 ml of fresh media every 2 d ) [34].…”

Section: Cell Culture ~~~I C / ~U O R I~~c E N C E Niicroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Simon

2004

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Other porogenic agents were also tested to create porosity. The examples include: hydrogen peroxide in the liquid phase [343] and/or iced [344], crystals of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 HPO 4 [345], calcium sulfate [58], calcite [247] and NaCl [346,347], poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles [348][349][350][351][352][353][354][355], microspheres of pectin [356], and gelatin [357,358], vesicants [359], cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide [360], polytrimethylene carbonate [361], sucrose granules, as well as some immiscible liquids. These additives could be applied on pre-set formulations only, while the solubility degree of the solid porogens during setting influences both the content and dimensions of the macroporosity.…”

Section: Properties Improvingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Dorozhkin¹

2012

Calcium Orthophosphates

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Abstract:In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.

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“…Other strategies have focused on dispersing microparticles within ceramic phases, where the rationale for this is that the microspheres will initially stabilize the graft but can then degrade to leave behind macropores on the calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for colonization by osteoblasts. The CPC matrix could then be resorbed and replaced with new bone (Simon et al, 2002). This relies on the degradation of the microparticles, which depends greatly on the material from which the microparticles are produced, as well as the implant site.…”

Section: Microparticle-based Systems In 3d Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials in particulate form for tissue engineering. 2. Applications in bone

Silva

Coutinho

Ducheyne

et al. 2007

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

100

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Materials in particulate form have been the subjects of intensive research in view of their use as drug delivery systems. While within this application there are still issues to be addressed, these systems are now being regarded as having a great potential for tissue engineering applications. Bone repair is a very demanding task, due to the specific characteristics of skeletal tissues, and the design of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering presents several difficulties. Materials in particulate form are now seen as a means of achieving higher control over parameters such as porosity, pore size, surface area and the mechanical properties of the scaffold. These materials also have the potential to incorporate biologically active molecules for release and to serve as carriers for cells. It is believed that the combination of these features would create a more efficient approach towards regeneration. This review focuses on the application of materials in particulate form for bone tissue engineering. A brief overview of bone biology and the healing process is also provided in order to place the application in its broader context. An original compilation of molecules with a documented role in bone tissue biology is listed, as they have the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering strategies. To sum up this review, examples of works addressing the above aspects are presented. JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE R E V I E W A R T I C L E AbstractMaterials in particulate form have been the subjects of intensive research in view of their use as drug delivery systems. While within this application there are still issues to be addressed, these systems are now being regarded as having a great potential for tissue engineering applications. Bone repair is a very demanding task, due to the specific characteristics of skeletal tissues, and the design of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering presents several difficulties. Materials in particulate form are now seen as a means of achieving higher control over parameters such as porosity, pore size, surface area and the mechanical properties of the scaffold. These materials also have the potential to incorporate biologically active molecules for release and to serve as carriers for cells. It is believed that the combination of these features would create a more efficient approach towards regeneration. This review focuses on the application of materials in particulate form for bone tissue engineering. A brief overview of bone biology and the healing process is also provided in order to place the application in its broader context. An original compilation of molecules with a documented role in bone tissue biology is listed, as they have the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering strategies. To sum up this review, examples of works addressing the above aspects are presented.

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Preliminary report on the biocompatibility of a moldable, resorbable, composite bone graft consisting of calcium phosphate cement and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) microspheres

Cited by 108 publications

References 42 publications

Self‐hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Self‐hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Materials in particulate form for tissue engineering. 2. Applications in bone

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