Preliminary Results in Innovative Solutions for Soil Carbon Estimation: Integrating Remote Sensing, Machine Learning, and Proximal Sensing Spectroscopy

Abstract

This paper explores the application and advantages of remote sensing, machine learning, and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) as a popular proximal sensing spectroscopy tool in the estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC). It underscores the practical implications and benefits of the integrated approach combining machine learning, remote sensing, and proximal sensing for SOC estimation and prediction across a range of applications, including comprehensive soil health mapping and carbon credit assessment. These advanced technologies offer a promising pathway, reducing costs and resource utilization while improving the precision of SOC estimation. We conducted a comparative analysis between MIR-predicted SOC values and laboratory-measured SOC values using 36 soil samples. The results demonstrate a strong fit (R² = 0.83), underscoring the potential of this integrated approach. While acknowledging that our analysis is based on a limited sample size, these initial findings offer promise and serve as a foundation for future research. We will be providing updates when we obtain more data. Furthermore, this paper explores the potential for commercialising these technologies in Australia, with the aim of helping farmers harness the advantages of carbon markets. Based on our study’s findings, coupled with insights from the existing literature, we suggest that adopting this integrated SOC measurement approach could significantly benefit local economies, enhance farmers’ ability to monitor changes in soil health, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. These outcomes align with global climate change mitigation efforts. Furthermore, our study’s approach, supported by other research, offers a potential template for regions worldwide seeking similar solutions.

Advancements in Soil Organic Carbon Mapping and Interpolation Techniques: A Case Study from Lithuania’s Moraine Plains

“…If it is required, the mapping process now includes satellite data, multispectral or hyperspectral imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles, proximal sensors, and machine learning models. Despite the wide choice of remote-sensing methods, the reliability of the results remains an important issue [9]. Therefore, this study raises the debate on combining modern and classical methods to find the optimal method for SOC spatial research.…”

“…The older databases of soil samples collected by traditional methods and the rapid development of remote sensing technologies have made it possible to extend the boundaries of SOC mapping [9] and to make the process partly automated. If it is required, the mapping process now includes satellite data, multispectral or hyperspectral imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles, proximal sensors, and machine learning models.…”