Preliminary results of the ?Antibio? experiment

Moatti, N.; Lapchine, L; Gasset, G.; Richoilley, G.; Templier, J.; Tixador, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00367282

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The authors suggested that antibiotics might act differently in space. In a previous study by the same group, the MIC values for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus against kanamycin and colistin were shown to be significantly higher in microgravity, confirming findings of previous studies that antibiotics have lower efficiency in space 168,169–171 . In a recent study, it was observed that E. coli ZK650 cultured in RWVB were much more resistant to the growth‐inhibitory and production‐inhibitory effects of ethanol than bacteria grown in shaking flasks 172 …”

Section: Pharmacological Changes During Space Flightsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Nevertheless, the reported increase in antibiotic resistance in space appears to be a result of a temporary adaptation to microgravity rather than an acquired characteristic of the organism 174 . Space‐cultured bacteria recovered normal levels of antibiotic susceptibility after being subcultured several times on the ground, which supports this assumption 170,175 …”

Section: Pharmacological Changes During Space Flightsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…In a previous study by the same group, the MIC values for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus against kanamycin and colistin were shown to be significantly higher in microgravity, confirming findings of previous studies that antibiotics have lower efficiency in space. 168,[169][170][171] In a recent study, it was observed that E. coli ZK650 cultured in RWVB were much more resistant to the growth-inhibitory and productioninhibitory effects of ethanol than bacteria grown in shaking flasks. 172 In contrast to these findings of increased antibiotic resistance, Juergensmeyer et al 173 have observed the opposite effect in bacteria after long-term space flights.…”

Section: Pharmacodynamics Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…174 Space-cultured bacteria recovered normal levels of antibiotic susceptibility after being subcultured several times on the ground, which supports this assumption. 170,175 All these factors, added to the possible changes in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, could result in significant alteration in the ability of the antibiotic to eradicate an infection.…”

Section: Pharmacodynamics Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Changes in Space

Graebe

Schuck

Lensing

et al. 2004

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Medications have been taken since the first Mercury flight in 1967 and, since then, have been used for several indications such as space motion sickness, sleeplessness, headache, nausea, vomiting, back pain, and congestion. As the duration of space missions get longer, it is even more likely that astronauts will encounter some of the acute illnesses that are frequently seen on Earth. Microgravity environment induces several physiological changes in the human body. These changes include cardiovascular degeneration, bone decalcification, decreased plasma volume, blood flow, lymphocyte and eosinophil levels, altered hormonal and electrolyte levels, muscle atrophy, decreased blood cell mass, increased immunoglobulin A and M levels, and a decrease in the amount of microsomal P-450 and the activity of some of its dependent enzymes. These changes may be expected to have severe implications on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drug substances.

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Section: Pharmacological Changes During Space Flightsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Pharmacological Changes During Space Flightsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Pharmacodynamics Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmacodynamics Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Changes in Space

Graebe

Schuck

Lensing

et al. 2004

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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“…Studies in space have been done on the effects of microgravity on microbial growth, resistance to radiation, phage induction,1, 2 susceptibility to antibiotics, rate of conjugation,3–6 susceptibility to vacuum and UV irradiation,4, 7 phage productivity and survival rate,8 and cell morphology 7. Although the results from spaceflights are not totally in agreement, microgravity seems to increase growth of bacteria and their resistance to certain antibiotics 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolism in simulated microgravity

Demain

Fang

2001

The Chemical Record

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We have studied microbial secondary metabolism in a simulated microgravity (SMG) environment provided by NASA rotating-wall bioreactors (RWBs). These reactors were designed to simulate some aspects of actual microgravity that occur in space. Growth and product formation were observed in SMG in all cases studied, i.e., Bacillus brevis produced gramicidin S (GS), Streptomyces clavuligerus made beta-lactam antibiotics, Streptomyces hygroscopicus produced rapamycin, and Escherichia coli produced microcin B17 (MccB17). Of these processes, only GS production was unaffected by SMG; production of the other three products was inhibited. This was determined by comparison with performance in an RWB positioned in a different mode to provide a normal gravity (NG) environment. Carbon source repression by glycerol of the GS process, as observed in shaken flasks, was not observed in the RWBs, whether operated in the SMG or NG mode. The same phenomenon occurred in the case of MccB17 production, with respect to glucose repression. Thus, the negative effects of carbon source on GS and beta-lactam formation are presumably dependent on shear, turbulence, and/or vessel geometry, but not on gravity. Stimulatory effects of phosphate and the precursor L-lysine on beta-lactam antibiotic production, as observed in flasks, also occurred in SMG. An almost complete shift in the localization of produced MccB17 from cells to extracellular medium was observed when E. coli was grown in the RWB under SMG or NG. If a plastic bead was placed in the RWB, accumulation became cellular, as it is in shaken flasks, indicating that sheer stress favors a cellular location. In the case of rapamycin, the same type of shift was observed, but it was less dramatic, i.e., growth in the RWB under SMG shifted the distribution of produced rapamycin from 2/3 cellular:1/3 extracellular to 1/3 cellular:2/3 extracellular. Stress has been shown to induce or promote secondary metabolism in a number of other microbial systems. RWBs provide a low stress SMG environment, which, however, supports only poor production of MccB17, as compared to production in shaken flasks. We wondered whether the poor production in RWBs under SMG is due to the low level of stress, and whether increasing stress in the RWBs would raise the amount of MccB17 formed. We found that increasing shear stress by adding a single Teflon bead to the RWB improved MccB17 production. Although shear stress seems to have a marked positive effect on MccB17 production in SMG, addition of various concentrations of ethanol to RWBs (or to shaken flasks) failed to increase MccB17 production. Ethanol stress merely decreased production and, at higher concentrations, inhibited growth. Interestingly, cells growing in the RWB were much more resistant to the growth- and production-inhibitory effects of ethanol than cells growing in shaken flasks. With respect to S. hygroscopicus, addition of Teflon beads to the RWB reversed the inhibition of growth, but rapamycin production was still markedly inhibited, and the distribution...

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Space Microbiology: Microgravity and Microorganisms

Klaus

2003

Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology

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Preliminary results of the ?Antibio? experiment

Cited by 44 publications

References 3 publications

Physiological, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Changes in Space

Physiological, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Changes in Space

Secondary metabolism in simulated microgravity

Space Microbiology: Microgravity and Microorganisms

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