Preliminary Screening Method for Low Bone Mineral Density Using a Self-Reported Questionnaire among Peri- and Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: We propose a method for screening for low bone mineral density (BMD) among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women using a self-reported questionnaire.Overview of Literature: Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide. However, it is not cost-effective to evaluate BMD in all patients. Although several tools for predicting osteoporosis have been established, they do not focus much on low BMD prior to the development of osteoporosis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 198 women aged 40–70 years who underwent mass screening for osteoporosis at our hospital between 2016 and 2019. The BMD values and the following data were collected: age, body mass index, fracture history, lower back pain, height loss, kyphosis, history of fragility fracture, family history of vertebral or hip fracture, and menopause. The reliability of each data point for the young adult mean <80% was calculated using discriminant analysis. Variables with large weight coefficients were selected and scored. This scoring tool was examined, and a cutoff score for predicting the young adult mean <80% was determined.Results: Sixty-four participants (32.3%) had a young adult mean <80%. According to the weight coefficients, the following five variables were scored as follows: age ≥60 years 3 points, body mass index <22 kg/m2 3 points, lower back pain 1 point, height loss (cm) 1 point, and menopause 1 point. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.738 (95% confidence interval, 0.669–0.807). At cutoff scores of ≥5 and <5, the sensitivity was 82.8%, with specificity of 52.0%.Conclusions: The scoring tool performed well for predicting young adult mean <80% among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in Japan. This tool may be useful to screen for low BMD.

Assessing bone mineral density in non-weight bearing regions of the body: a texture analysis approach using abdomen and pelvis computed tomography Hounsfield units—a cross-sectional study

“…BMD, as valuable as it is, might not capture the entire essence of bone health ( 22 ). Hence, our method, which compared BMD with non-weight bearing ROI on CT scans using texture analysis, is meant to complement, not replace, traditional BMD measurements.…”

Cumulative Burden of Being Underweight Increases the Risk of Hip Fracture: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

“…Current risk assessments are principally based on bone mineral density (BMD) measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [ 6 , 7 ]. Apart from BMD, other “modifiable” factors have been analyzed; the body mass index (BMI) and body weight are key risk factors.…”