Preliminary Studies of Synthetic Dye Adsorption on Iron Sludge and Activated Carbons

Abstract

There is great interest in the search for multifunctional waste-based materials that may be applied as environmentally friendly adsorbents. Iron-rich sludge from ground drinking-water treatment plants may be considered a potential adsorbent for various water contaminants. This material is generated during ground water purification because of the excess of metal ions in water (Fe, Mn). In practice, this sludge is frequently disposed of as waste material and, so far, is not commonly applied as the adsorption base. Our research aims to explore the adsorption potential of iron sludge for selected synthetic dyes, including malachite green, ponceau 4R, and brilliant blue FCF. Experimental data were performed using iron sludge collected from the Groundwater Treatment Plant in Koszalin, Poland, and comparing it with adsorption properties of commercial activated carbons (Norit SA Super and Norit CA 1). The kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and temperature influence on the removal of target dyes were investigated and discussed. Preliminary experimental data have revealed that iron sludge can be considered an adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes.

Investigation of Hybrid Methods for Elimination of Brilliant Blue Dye from Water Phase Using Various Nanomaterials Combined with Activated Sludge and Duckweed

“…As it was expected, total elimination of BB molecules from studied reaction mixtures was observed in the case of active carbon additive. These data confirmed our previous observation that active carbon may efficiently adsorb BB and different dyes within first 2 h of contact time [14]. In the present experiment BB was completely removed from the reaction mixture within the first hour of contact time with AC.…”

“…2. Object labels (circles correspond to samples without activated sludge addition): water BLANK (1), water and graphene oxide GO (2), water and β-cyclodextrin CD (3), water and raw dandelion pappus DP (4), water and microcrystalline cellulose MC (5), water and raw pine pollen PP (6), water and Egyptian Blue mineral pigments EB2 (7), activated sludge AS BLANK (8), activated sludge and graphene oxide GO (9), activated sludge and β-cyclodextrin CD (10), activated sludge and raw dandelion pappus DP (11), activated sludge and microcrystalline cellulose MC (12), activated sludge and raw pine pollen PP (13), activated sludge and Egyptian Blue mineral pigments EB2 (14). Figure 6 consists of factor scores plot derived from PCA analysis of data matrix generated during the 16 day experiment.…”

“…Factor scores plot (principal component analysis) related to 24 h experiment and calculated from data matrix consisting of Brilliant Blue concentrations at different times of experiment duration (variables) and different additives (objects) listed in Table2. Object labels (circles correspond to samples without activated sludge addition): water BLANK (1), water and graphene oxide GO (2), water and β-cyclodextrin CD (3), water and raw dandelion pappus DP (4), water and microcrystalline cellulose MC (5), water and raw pine pollen PP (6), water and Egyptian Blue mineral pigments EB2(7), activated sludge AS BLANK (8), activated sludge and graphene oxide GO (9), activated sludge and β-cyclodextrin CD (10), activated sludge and raw dandelion pappus DP(11), activated sludge and microcrystalline cellulose MC(12), activated sludge and raw pine pollen PP (13), activated sludge and Egyptian Blue mineral pigments EB2(14).…”

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Promising Material for Wastewater Treatment Processes

“…These data clearly indicate that graphite, which was the starting material for GO synthesis, consists of pure carbon. Norit SA Super is composed of carbon at high concentration (more than 94 at.%) and several elements, mainly present as impurities remaining after the activation process or intentionally added to obtain the given adsorption properties [12]. GO consists of a carbon matrix (more than 55 at.%) and oxygen as well as a low level of sulfur This is in agreement with results of GO materials reported in the literature by other authors, which were synthesized by different modified Hummers protocols.…”

“…Our previous research involving carbon materials was related to the adsorption properties of graphite and activated carbon particles focusing on sewage and water treatment technological processes [11]. Particularly, elimination of low-molecular mass synthetic dyes including malachite green, ponceau 4R and brilliant blue FCF were investigated [12]. Most recently, our group have synthesized graphene oxide nanoparticles using a modified Hummer's method [13].…”