Preliminary studies on the occurrence of nonylphenol in the marine environments, Chennai—a case study

Abstract

Background: Resisting degradation, nonylphenol (NP) remains as a critical compound contaminating many habitats. Prevalence of nonylphenol in the ecosystem of Indian coastlines is not well documented as that of fresh water. Hence, the present study was intended to estimate the concentration of nonylphenol from water and sediments samples of Chennai (Madras) coastline which is polluted with anthropogenic activities from the city. Results: Six stations were sampled such as Ennore mouth, Ennore creek, Kasimedu, Marina, Besant Nagar, and Muttukaadu which covered approx. 50 km of southeast coastline. Nonylphenol was extracted from water and sediment samples by liquid and solid phase extraction respectively and quantified using gas chromatogram coupled mass spectrum (GC-MS). All the sites were contaminated with nonylphenol (NP) of which at Ennore mouth, concentrations were above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) prescribed environmental safety limit of 1.7 μg/l. Nonylphenol concentrations varied, and higher levels were observed in sediment samples compared to water. Occurrence of NP ranged from 1.22 to 7.24 μg/l in water and 3.31 to 30. 96 μg/kg in sediments. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of NP in the marine environments of Chennai (Madras). This study alarms increase in the concentration of nonylphenol in the marine environments of Chennai coast as the measured values are several magnitudes higher than the environmental safety limit proposed by the US EPA.

Nonylphenols found in wastewater of activewear garments, after laundering in Aotearoa New Zealand

“…In a previous study based in China, measurements of NPs in sediment were more than one thousand times higher than measurements of NPs in water streams (Xu et al, 2006). Likewise, in a more recent study of the Chennai (Madras) coastline measurements of NPs were found to be higher in sediment samples than water samples (Raju et al, 2018).…”

“…, 2006). Likewise, in a more recent study of the Chennai (Madras) coastline measurements of NPs were found to be higher in sediment samples than water samples (Raju et al. , 2018).…”

Protective Role of Hsp27 in the Nonylphenol-Induced Locomotory and Longevity Toxicity

“…2 However, the nonylphenol concen-trations of 1.22 to 7.24 μg/L, 3.31 to 30.96 μg/kg, and 18.03 to 23.89 mg/kg have been recorded in water, sediments, and tomato plant, respectively. 3,4 Living organisms are exposed to nonylphenol throughout their lives via the ingestion of contaminated food/water, causing a disturbance in hormonal balance and consequently leading to various health disorders such as behavior disorders, developmental and reproductive abnormalities, and alterations in immune functions. [5][6][7] In a study by Paolella et al, 8 nonylphenol exposure causes ER stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hepatic cell line.…”