PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE TRANSMISSION OF <i>ANAPLASMA MARGINALE BY BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS</i>

Leatch, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1973.tb14667.x

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Other early 20th century investigators obtained experimental evidence for TOT of the related anaplasmosis agent, A. marginale , in Dermacentor and Boophilus ( Rhipicephalus ) ticks, but other contemporaries could not do so (reviewed in Dikmans 1950,Ristic 1968). Nor could later investigators, possibly because of use of colonized ticks and Anaplasma strains maintained in cattle (Anthony 1968), but they did not rule out that TOT might still occur in wild ticks (Anthony and Roby 1962,Leatch 1973,Stich etal. 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transovarial Transmission ofFrancisella-Like Endosymbionts andAnaplasma phagocytophilumVariants inDermacentor albipictus(Acari: Ixodidae)

Baldridge¹,

et al. 2009

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Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) is a North American tick that feeds on cervids and livestock. It is a suspected vector of anaplasmosis in cattle, but its microbial flora and vector potential remain underevaluated. We screened D. albipictus ticks collected from Minnesota white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for bacteria of the genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Francisella, and Rickettsia using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene amplification and sequence analyses. We detected Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLEs) in nymphal and adult ticks of both sexes at 45 and 94% prevalences, respectively. The A. phagocytophilum and FLEs were transovarially transmitted to F1 larvae by individual ticks at efficiencies of 10–40 and 95–100%, respectively. The FLEs were transovarially transmitted to F2 larvae obtained as progeny of adults from F1 larval ticks reared to maturity on a calf, but A. phagocytophilum were not. Based on PCR and tissue culture inoculation assays, A. phagocytophilum and FLEs were not transmitted to the calf. The amplified FLE 16S rRNA gene sequences were identical to that of an FLE detected in a D. albipictus from Texas, whereas those of the A. phagocytophilum were nearly identical to those of probable human-nonpathogenic A. phagocytophilum WI-1 and WI-2 variants detected in white-tailed deer from central Wisconsin. However, the D. albipictus A. phagocytophilum sequences differed from that of the nonpathogenic A. phagocytophilum variant-1 associated with Ixodes scapularis ticks and white-tailed deer as well as that of the human-pathogenic A. phagocytophilum ha variant associated with I. scapularis and the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. The transovarial transmission of A. phagocytophilum variants in Dermacentor ticks suggests that maintenance of A. phagocytophilum in nature may not be solely dependent on horizontal transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transovarial Transmission ofFrancisella-Like Endosymbionts andAnaplasma phagocytophilumVariants inDermacentor albipictus(Acari: Ixodidae)

Baldridge¹,

et al. 2009

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“…Most of the unsuccessful attempts of transovarial transfer of A. marginale infection were performed with larvae originated from B. microplus females incubated under high temperatures (28 to 30°C). [8][9][10] Such conditions of engorged tick female incubations could explain the failure of these attempts of transovarial transfer of A. marginale infection. The rickettsemia level of persistently infected animals influences A. marginale transmission by Dermacentor andersoni and B. microplus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Transovarial transmission of A. marginale has also been reported for some ticks, but has not been demonstrated for B. microplus. 4,5,[8][9][10][11] Ribeiro and Lima 12,13 demonstrated the multiplication of A. marginale in B. microplus, and verified the influence of temperature on the development of colonies of A. marginale in the midgut epithelial cells of experimentally infected B. microplus females. The colonies were observed in the midgut epithelial cells in 11.1% of females that were kept at environmental temperature by 19 days after detachment from donor calf, suggesting that transovarial transmission occurs in winter (temperatures ranged from 10 to 15°C and from 22 to 32°C), when the infection could be restricted to the last eggs laid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Detection of Anaplasma marginale DNA in Larvae of Boophilus microplus Ticks by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Shimada

Yamamura

Kawasaki

et al. 2004

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Boophilus microplus larvae from two different sources were used for the detection of Anaplasma marginale DNA: larvae A, which were collected from a pasture of an endemic farm, and larvae B, which originated from engorged female ticks fed on calves with no clinical signs of disease and with low rickettsemia (approximately 0.01 to 1.0%). Larvae A were collected monthly, from January to May in 2001. Two hundred engorged female ticks fed on calves that provided larvae B were divided into groups of 10 and kept in a controlled environment at either 18 degrees C or 28 degrees C. Fifty larvae were used from each sample for DNA extraction, and 5 muL of DNA were submitted to amplification of the sequence of msp5 gene of A. marginale by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven out of 50 samples of larvae A (14%) were positive for the presence of DNA of A. marginale showing amplified product of 457 bp. Ten out of 91 samples of larvae B (11%) kept at 18 degrees C were positive, and all larvae B at 28 degrees C were negative. Thus, this study confirmed the presence of A. marginale DNA in B. microplus larvae by PCR. The EcoRI restriction enzyme analysis confirmed the specificity of the amplicon, which resulted in two fragments: 265 bp and 192 bp. The sequencing analysis of the amplicon from larvae demonstrated 98% homology with the msp5 sequence from Florida A. marginale strain.

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“…This species is incapable of transovarial transmission. 23,24 Mason and Norval 25 demonstrated the transfer of larval and adult male B microplus from tick infested to uninfested cattle under field conditions. For ticks to transmit the infection, it is therefore necessary to have cattle infected with A marginale in close contact with susceptible cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of exposure to tick fever organisms in young cattle on Queensland dairy farms

et al. 2003

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Given the low proportion of farms that have endemic stability to the tick fever organisms and the high likelihood of clinical disease, vaccination is recommended to protect dairy cattle from tick fever throughout the tick infested area of Queensland. However, further work is required to determine the economic value of vaccination, taking into account the costs of vaccination, of outbreaks and the protective value of vaccination.

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PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMA MARGINALE BY BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Transovarial Transmission ofFrancisella-Like Endosymbionts andAnaplasma phagocytophilumVariants inDermacentor albipictus(Acari: Ixodidae)

Transovarial Transmission ofFrancisella-Like Endosymbionts andAnaplasma phagocytophilumVariants inDermacentor albipictus(Acari: Ixodidae)

Detection of Anaplasma marginale DNA in Larvae of Boophilus microplus Ticks by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Serological evidence of exposure to tick fever organisms in young cattle on Queensland dairy farms

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