Preliminary study of airborne particulate matter in a Beijing sampling station by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Cao, Lei; Tian, Wei; Ni, Bangfa; Zhang, Yangmei; Wang, Pingsheng

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00178-4

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Dust is a minor fraction, in the range 0 to 15% in mass for our dataset. We hypothesize that in both size fractions (fine and coarse modes) dust particles display a similar average composition, which is suggested by previous dust characterizations achieved in Beijing (Cao et al, 2002;Sun et al, 2004). So we calculated dust concentration from fine Ca 2+ using the same f coefficient (within the uncertainty range, see Sect.…”

Section: Oc-to-pom Conversion Factor K In the Fine Modesupporting

confidence: 76%

Geochemical perspectives from a new aerosol chemical mass closure

2007

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Abstract. The aerosol chemical mass closure is revisited and a simple and inexpensive methodology is proposed. This methodology relies on data obtained for aerosol mass, and concentration of the major ions and the two main carbon components, the organic carbon (OC) and the black carbon (BC). Atmospheric particles are separated into coarse (AD>2 µm) and fine (AD<2 µm) fractions and are treated separately. For the coarse fraction the carbonaceous component is minor and assumption is made for the conversion factor k of OC-to-POM (Particulate Organic Matter) which is fixed to the value of 1.8 accounting for secondary species. The coarse soluble calcium is shown to display a correlation (regression coefficient f , y axis intercept b) with the missing mass. Conversely, the fine fraction is dominated by organic species and assumption is made for dust which is assumed to have the same f factor as the coarse mode dust. The fine mode mass obtained from chemical analyses is then adjusted to the actual weighed mass by tuning the k conversion factor. The k coefficient is kept different in the two modes due to the expected different origins of the organic particles. Using the f and k coefficient obtained from the data set, the mass closure is reached for each individual sample with an undetermined fraction less than 10%. The procedure has been applied to different urban and peri-urban environments in Europe and in Beijing and its efficiency and uncertainties on f and k values are discussed. The f and k coefficients are shown to offer consistent geochemical indications on aerosol origin and transformations. f allows to retrieve dust mass and its value accounting for Ca abundance in dust at the site of investigation may serve as an indicator of dust origin and aerosol interactions with anthropogenic acids. f values were found to vary in the 0.08-0.12 range in European urban areas, and a broader range in Beijing (0.01-0.16). As expected, k appears to be a relevant proxy for particle origin and ageing and Correspondence to: H. Cachier (cachier@lsce.cnrs-gif.fr) varies in the 1.4-1.8 range. For Beijing, k exhibits high values of about 1.7 in winter and summer. Winter values suggest that fresh coal aerosol might be responsible for such a high k value, which was not taken into account in previous works.

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Section: Oc-to-pom Conversion Factor K In the Fine Modesupporting

confidence: 76%

Geochemical perspectives from a new aerosol chemical mass closure

2007

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“…The coal combustion factor shows the presence of S and As (Cao et al, 2002) in the fine size range (0.07∼1.15 µm). The biomass/biofuel burning source was characterized by K, S and Cl (Song et al, 2001;Cheng et al, 2000) in the same size range.…”

Section: Source Profiles and Temporal Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan background site in East Asia

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Size-and time-resolved aerosol samples were collected using an eight-stage Davis rotating unit for monitoring (DRUM) sampler from 29 March to 29 May in 2002 at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea, which is one of the representative background sites in East Asia. These samples were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence for 3-h average concentrations of 19 elements consisting of S, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Cl, Cu, Zn, Ti, K, Mn, Pb, Ni, V, Se, As, Rb, Cr, Br. The size-resolved data sets were then analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique in order to identify possible sources and estimate their contribution to particulate matter mass. PMF analysis uses the uncertainty of the measured data to provide an optimal weighting. Fifteen sources were resolved in eight size ranges (0.07∼12 µm) and included continental soil, local soil, sea salt, biomass/biofuel burning, coal combustion, oil heating furnace, residual oil fired boiler, municipal incineration, nonferrous metal source, ferrous metal source, gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, copper smelter and volcanic emission. PMF analysis of size-resolved source contributions showed that natural sources represented by local soil, sea salt and continental soil contributed about 79% to the predicted primary particulate matter (PM) mass in the coarse size range (1.15∼12 µm). On the other hand, anthropogenic sources such as coal combustion and biomass/biofuel burning contributed about 60% in the fine size range (0.56∼2.5 µm). The diesel vehicle source contributed the most in the ultra-fine size range (0.07∼0.56 µm) and was responsible for about 52% of the primary PM mass.

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“…The studies on the characterization of the aerosol in Beijing have been carried out in the last two decades (Winchester and Bi, 1984;Yang et al, 2000;Dong and Yang, 1998;Wang, 1999;Cao et al, 2002). Dust-soil, industry emission, coal burning, vehicle exhaust emission and waste incineration were thought to be the major sources of particulate pollution at Beijing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing—concentration, composition, distribution and sources

Sun

Zhuang

Wang

et al. 2004

Atmospheric Environment

544

294

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Aerosol samples of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were collected in both summer and winter seasons from 2002 to 2003 synchronously at a traffic site, an industrial site, and a residential site in Beijing, which could basically be the representatives over Beijing. Twenty-three elements and 15 ions together with organic carbon and elemental carbon were analyzed systematically for characterization of Beijing aerosol. PM 2.5 was the major part of the inhalable particles (PM 10 ), as the ratios of PM 2.5 /PM 10 were 0.45-0.48 in summer and 0.52-0.73 in winter. SO 4 2À, NO 3 À , NH 4 + , organic matter, crustal matter, and element carbon were the six dominant species, which totally accounted for 85.8-97.7% of PM 2.5 . Secondary aerosol (SO 4 2À , NO 3 À , and NH 4 + ), road dust or/and long-range transported dust from outside Beijing, industry and motor vehicles emission, coal burning were the major contributors to the air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing. Overall, coal burning and the traffic exhausts, plus the dust from the long-range transport, could be the major sources of the aerosol pollution at Beijing. A relatively even spatial distribution of chemical species in PM 2.5 was found while in PM 10 a significant variation with the highest concentrations at the industrial site in summer and at the residential site in winter was observed. The concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 as well as various chemical species were higher in winter than in summer. The contributions of mineral aerosol from outside Beijing were first estimated with a newly developed element tracer technique, which accounted for 79% and 37% of the total mineral in PM 10 and PM 2.5 in winter, and 19% and 20% in summer, respectively. During the dust storm period from 20 to 22 March, it reached up to 97% in TSP, 79% in PM 10 and 76% in PM 2.5 . This is the technique, firstly, developed for estimating the relative contributions of sources from inside and outside Beijing to the total mineral aerosol and it could provide the basic information in controlling the air-borne particulate pollution at Beijing. r

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Preliminary study of airborne particulate matter in a Beijing sampling station by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 5 publications

Geochemical perspectives from a new aerosol chemical mass closure

Geochemical perspectives from a new aerosol chemical mass closure

Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan background site in East Asia

The air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing—concentration, composition, distribution and sources

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