Preliminary Study of Sago Fine Waste as a Sand Replacement Material for Cement Brick

Abstract

This paper presented a preliminary results of utilization sago fine waste as a sand replacement material for cement bricks. Sago waste is a by-product of the extraction of sago starch. Usually, the bark is not utilized for other products and being dumped directly into the rivers or left for natural degradation. About 32,250 tons of sago bark waste annually. Sand however usually obtained by using machinery at the riverbank which greatly contribute to damaging the ecosystem of the river and contributing to global warming. For environmental protection and sustainable development, extensive research has been conducted on the production of bricks from waste materials. The replacement percentage of SFW are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% with water content of 50% and 60%. Density, water absorption and compressive strength are the properties that have been investigated. From the results obtained, both density and compressive strength are decreasing as the percentages of SFW increasing. On the other hand, from the data of water absorption it was found that the percentage of water absorption of brick was increased correspond to the increasing percentages of the SFW. Based on the findings, the optimum brick properties are SFW1W0.6 with the strength 5.18 MPa that can be used as non-load bearing bricks and the optimum percentage of water absorption is at 13.33%. From this study, it was found that the replacement of sand by SFW give a significant impact on density, strength, and water absorption performance of concrete brick.

Mechanical Properties of Bricks Containing Sago Fine Waste as Cement Replacement Material

“…On the other hand, lightweight bricks have numerous advantages, such as reduced structural dead load, easy to handle, lower transport costs, and lower thermal conductivity. The drastic reduction of density is similar to a preliminary study that has been conducted by I Hadi Izaan et al, [4] who reported that the replacement percentage of SFW reduced the density of the sample bricks significantly.…”

“…It is due to the moisture content is at the optimum level and under proper curing method. The drastic reduction of strength shown above similar to a preliminary study that has been conducted by Hadi Izaan et al, [4] who reported that the replacement levels of 5% of SFW and above reduced the compressive strength of the specimens significantly. Ornam et al, [3] also reported that additional sago has reduces the strength of brick.…”

“…Since the fine's modulus for SFW and fine aggregates are almost similar, thus SFW have the potential as replacement material for producing cement bricks. The results of fineness modulus for both fine aggregates and SFW obtained from this study similar to a preliminary study conducted by Hadi Izaan et., [4]. They reported that the SFW has potential to be a replacement material in production of bricks.…”

“…It is carried out in several locations along the riverbank where palm trees exist for each processing phase. During processing, a large amount of leftover solid waste, such as bark and hampas, is generated which is generally burned or washed into adjacent streams [2][3][4]16]. The sago husk, also known as a waste of the sago processing, is dumped in the riverbank and in certain cases, in the river stream [3,19].…”

Properties of cement bricks containing sago fine waste (SFW) with different water-cement ratio

“…When comparing both water-cement ratio values, water content with a 0.6 rate is slightly lower than water content with 0.5 percentages. Still, both absorption values are vital due to the properties of SFW, which are very absorbent materials [25].…”